{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996480673280.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3390/nu10111656"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1656/pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The classical functions of vitamin D are to regulate calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and control bone metabolism. However, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several chronic conditions associated with increased inflammation and deregulation of the immune system, such as diabetes, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. These observations, together with experimental studies, suggest a critical role for vitamin D in the modulation of immune function. This leads to the hypothesis of a disease-specific alteration of vitamin D metabolism and reinforces the role of vitamin D in maintaining a healthy immune system. Two key observations validate this important non-classical action of vitamin D: first, vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed by the majority of immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; second, there is an active vitamin D metabolism by immune cells that is able to locally convert 25(OH)D3 into 1,25(OH)2D3, its active form. Vitamin D and VDR signaling together have a suppressive role on autoimmunity and an anti-inflammatory effect, promoting dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell differentiation and reducing T helper Th 17 cell response and inflammatory cytokines secretion. This review summarizes experimental data and clinical observations on the potential immunomodulating properties of vitamin D.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996480673282","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Francesca Sassi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996480673281","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cristina Tamone"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381699996480673280","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Patrizia D’Amelio"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20726643"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nutrients"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"MDPI AG"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-11-03","prism:volume":"10","prism:number":"11","prism:startingPage":"1656"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1656/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-11-05","modifiedAt":"2025-10-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168767070976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Circulatory 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D as differential biomarkers between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease patients"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865540988800","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for a Healthy Life and Prevention of Diseases"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588379372658816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle Mass on Prognosis of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390571404476642560","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"New Insights into Depressive Disorder with Respect to Low-Grade Inflammation and Fish Oil Intake"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390575418093372416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin 6 and C-Reactive Protein Profile in Athletes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390584508741510912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Vitamin D Receptor rs2228570 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Asthma Severity and Exacerbations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390857226429528192","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"日本人のビタミンD不足・欠乏の実態"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/nu10111656"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5650/jos.ess21209_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100369_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3177/jnsv.68.359_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.59.622_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/ijms241512167_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1248/bpb.b24-00684_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/nu16162653_references_DOI_NqPk8N7eJIK3QDB1sx8b1c1a1Fo"}]}