{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468465213312.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/s41612-018-0040-x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-018-0040-x.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-018-0040-x"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Short Black Carbon lifetime inferred from a global set of aircraft observations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Black Carbon (BC) aerosols substantially affect the global climate. However, accurate simulation of BC atmospheric transport remains elusive, due to shortcomings in modeling and a shortage of constraining measurements. Recently, several studies have compared simulations with observed vertical concentration profiles, and diagnosed a global-mean BC atmospheric residence time of <5 days. These studies have, however, been focused on limited geographical regions, and used temporally and spatially coarse model information. Here we expand on previous results by comparing a wide range of recent aircraft measurements from multiple regions, including the Arctic and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, to simulated distributions obtained at varying spatial and temporal resolution. By perturbing BC removal processes and using current best-estimate emissions, we confirm a constraint on the global-mean BC lifetime of <5.5 days, shorter than in many current global models, over a broader geographical range than has so far been possible. Sampling resolution influences the results, although generally without introducing major bias. However, we uncover large regional differences in the diagnosed lifetime, in particular in the Arctic. We also find that only a weak constraint can be placed in the African outflow region over the South Atlantic, indicating inaccurate emission sources or model representation of transport and microphysical processes. While our results confirm that BC lifetime is shorter than predicted by most recent climate models, they also cast doubt on the usability of the concept of a “global-mean BC lifetime” for climate impact studies, or as an indicator of model skill.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213318","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marianne T. Lund"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213315","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bjørn H. Samset"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213317","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ragnhild B. Skeie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213314","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Duncan Watson-Parris"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213312","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joseph M. Katich"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213313","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joshua P. Schwarz"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468465213316","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bernadett Weinzierl"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"23973722"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-10-10","prism:volume":"1","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"1"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-018-0040-x.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-018-0040-x"}],"createdAt":"2018-08-20","modifiedAt":"2022-12-21","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142617280896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global aerosol simulations using NICAM.16 on a 14 km grid spacing for a climate study: improved and remaining issues  relative to a lower-resolution model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092575675648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Investigation of the wet removal rate of black carbon in East Asia: validation of a below- and in-cloud wet removal scheme in FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model v10.4"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092708866432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global-scale constraints on light-absorbing anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340514391808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project  (Emissions-MIP): quantifying model  sensitivity to emission characteristics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658428098048","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observational constraint of in-cloud supersaturation for simulations of aerosol rainout in atmospheric models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567685375104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Abundances and Microphysical Properties of Light‐Absorbing Iron Oxide and Black Carbon Aerosols Over East Asia and the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567685422080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improved Simulations of Global Black Carbon Distributions by Modifying Wet Scavenging Processes in Convective and Mixed‐Phase Clouds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361413119891827584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The importance of the representation of air pollution emissions for the modeled distribution and radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417136237056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate-relevant properties of black carbon aerosols revealed by in situ measurements : a review"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-018-0040-x"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-13-3731-2020_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-20-13655-2020_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-021-00171-0_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-23-14779-2023_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41612-019-0063-y_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019jd032301_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020jd033890_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-023-00544-4_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-19-11159-2019_references_DOI_IZZ6QQnFZYUmmc2zyYujYFS6rp0"}]}