{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468608874752.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.02.026"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X09000853?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X09000853?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Comparison of landslide susceptibility based on a decision-tree model and actual landslide occurrence: The Akaishi Mountains, Japan"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Abstract   This paper proposes a statistical decision-tree model to analyze landslide susceptibility in a wide area of the Akaishi Mountains, Japan. The objectives of this study were to validate the decision-tree model by comparing landslide susceptibility and actual landslide occurrence, and to reveal the relationships among landslide occurrence, topography, and geology. Landslide susceptibility was examined through ensemble learning with a decision tree. Decision trees are advantageous in that estimation processes and order of important explanatory variables are explicitly represented by the tree structures. Topographic characteristics (elevation, slope angle, profile curvature, plan curvature, and dissection and undissection height) and geological data were used as the explanatory variables. These topographic characteristics were calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs). The objective variables were landslide occurrence and reactivation data between 1992 and 2002 that were depicted by satellite image analysis. Landslide susceptibility was validated by comparing actual data on landslides that occurred and reactivated after the model was constructed (between 2002 and 2004).  This study revealed that, from 2002 to 2004, landslides tended to occur and reactivate in catchments with high landslide susceptibility. The landslide susceptibility map thus depicts the actual landslide occurrence and reactivation in the Akaishi Mountains. This result indicates that the decision-tree model has appropriate accuracy for estimating the probabilities of future landslides. The tree structure indicates that landslides occurred and reactivated frequently in the catchments that had an average slope angle exceeding ca. 29° and a mode of slope angle exceeding 33°, which agree well with previous studies. A decision tree also quantitatively expresses important explanatory variables at the higher order of the tree structure."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276169830656","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00709628"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000709628"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0002-5973-1364"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000365016465"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241153206"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257828044"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257827780"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242843818"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/hisaito"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hitoshi Saito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468608874880","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daichi Nakayama"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981468608874882","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroshi Matsuyama"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0169555X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geomorphology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2009-08","prism:volume":"109","prism:number":"3-4","prism:startingPage":"108","prism:endingPage":"121"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X09000853?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0169555X09000853?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2009-03-11","modifiedAt":"2025-09-30","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215349362560","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Origin and geographical characteristics of ponds in a high mountain region of central Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231312826880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Analyzing rainfall-induced mass movements in Taiwan using the soil water index"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239515825920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Thermokarst Development Detected from High-Definition Topographic Data in Central Yakutia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707146322688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of forest clear-cutting on landslide occurrences: Analysis of rainfall thresholds at Mt. Ichifusa, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286996887656320","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The performance of using an autoencoder for prediction and susceptibility assessment of landslides: A case study on landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865551757696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Morphological characteristics and conditions of drainage basins contributing to the formation of debris flow fans: an examination  of regions with different rock strength using decision tree analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846645913724672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multi-Resolution Landslide Susceptibility Analysis Using a DEM and Random Forest"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869855143214336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geometrical Variation Analysis of Landslides in Different Geological Settings Using Satellite Images: Case Studies in Japan and Sri Lanka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361975846747926144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An extreme rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility assessment using autoencoder combined with random forest in Shimane Prefecture, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282763103612544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"寒冷地域の第四紀地表プロセスに関する研究動向と課題"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Cold region Quaternary science for earth surface processes and environmental changes"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"カンレイ チイキ ノ ダイシキ チヒョウ プロセス ニ カンスル ケンキュウ ドウコウ ト カダイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317008512000","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Landslides triggered by an earthquake and heavy rainfalls at Aso volcano, Japan, detected by UAS and SfM-MVS photogrammetry"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.02.026"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::5384979e5dc6e3316cd6df82fddc0de6"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10201-014-0444-1_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10346-016-0788-1_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0169-6_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/rs10101579_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40677-019-0137-5_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.024_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/nhess-24-1287-2024_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.4236/ijg.2016.75056_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.4116/jaqua.58.29_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/rs16101757_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40677-020-0143-7_references_DOI_3E1YTMvL3LruQXpEqU4Kc0UWGn2"}]}