{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469710136192.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1111/bor.12112"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fbor.12112"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bor.12112"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Large variations of <scp>δ<sup>13</sup>C</scp> values in stalagmites from southeastern <scp>C</scp>hina during historical times: implications for anthropogenic deforestation"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Variations in speleothem <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values can reflect changes in overlying surface vegetation, which, over historical time scales, may represent the influence of human activities. Here, we examined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> variations in two stalagmites growing for the last 2200 years in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S</jats:styled-content>hennong <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C</jats:styled-content>ave, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J</jats:styled-content>iangxi <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P</jats:styled-content>rovince, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE C</jats:styled-content>hina. The two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> records corroborate well one another and show a prominent 6‰ enrichment of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 700 to 1100. The isotopic equilibrium for modern calcite and negative correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>O</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values along the growth axis suggest that the influences of kinetic fractionation are negligible. Varied correlations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Mg</jats:roman></jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca</jats:roman></jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Sr</jats:roman></jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca</jats:roman></jats:styled-content> ratios and divergent changes between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Mg</jats:roman></jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca</jats:roman></jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Sr</jats:roman></jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>Ca</jats:roman></jats:styled-content> ratios from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 700 to 1100 reveal that the prior calcite precipitation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP</jats:styled-content>) and water–rock interaction did not dominate the increase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values. It is plausible that the obvious <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> variation was largely influenced by the changes in vegetation cover overlying the cave. Our <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> results, together with the records of climate and human activity from historical documentary records, suggest that: (i) prior to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 700, small fluctuations in relatively light <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values reflect the presence of lush forest coverage above the cave, which was minimally disturbed by human activities; (ii) during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 700–1100, the drastic increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values indicates persistent and massive deforestation associated with large‐scale immigration into northern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J</jats:styled-content>iangxi after the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R</jats:styled-content>ebellion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A</jats:styled-content>n & <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S</jats:styled-content>hi</jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 755–763) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T</jats:styled-content>ang <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D</jats:styled-content>ynasty and the subsequent development of agriculture and economic activity; and (iii) since <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD</jats:styled-content> 1100, fluctuations in relatively high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C</jats:styled-content> values suggest that local vegetation during the last millennium has been sparse. Since the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R</jats:styled-content>ebellion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A</jats:styled-content>n & <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S</jats:styled-content>hi</jats:italic>, southeastern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C</jats:st ..."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136195","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Haiwei Zhang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"},{"@value":"Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 710049 China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136196","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yanjun Cai"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"},{"@value":"Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 710049 China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136193","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Liangcheng Tan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136192","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hai Cheng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 710049 China"},{"@value":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN 55455 USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136194","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shijiang Qin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136197","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Zhisheng An"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136198","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Lawrence Edwards"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN 55455 USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469710136199","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Le Ma"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi'an 710075 China"},{"@value":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03009483"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15023885"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Boreas"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-04","prism:volume":"44","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"511","prism:endingPage":"525"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fbor.12112"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bor.12112"}],"createdAt":"2015-04-02","modifiedAt":"2023-10-03","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417125247104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High spatial resolution magnetic mapping using ultra-high sensitivity scanning SQUID microscopy on a speleothem from the Kingdom of Tonga, southern Pacific"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/bor.12112"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01401-8_references_DOI_QfsiN77Q5sseiea3hL0c9ELrhat"}]}