{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469719219072.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2004jb002985"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004JB002985"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004JB002985"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"80016919439"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Evidence of fluid‐filled upper crust from observations of postseismic deformation due to the 1992 <i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub>7.3 Landers earthquake"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Postseismic deformation due to the 1992 <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>w</jats:italic></jats:sub>7.3 Landers, southern California, earthquake is investigated using the entire catalog of the ERS synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, and GPS measurements made between 1992 and 1999. The stacked interferometric SAR (InSAR) data spanning the time period of 7 years between the Landers and the Hector Mine earthquakes reveal a transient postseismic deformation with a characteristic decay time of several years. The horizontal displacements measured with GPS exhibit somewhat smaller decay times of 1–2 years. I use a slip model of the Landers earthquake that fits all available geodetic data [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jgrb14089-bib-0009\"><jats:italic>Fialko</jats:italic>, 2004</jats:ext-link>] to calculate and compare permanent postseismic displacements due to viscoelastic and poroelastic relaxation. Viscoelastic models assuming weak mantle or lower crust do not agree with the InSAR data in the limit of complete relaxation, implying large (>10 years) relaxation times, essentially nonlinear rheology, or an appreciable yield strength of the lower lithosphere. A combination of poroelastic relaxation above the brittle‐ductile transition and localized shear deformation on and below the Landers rupture is able to explain most of the available geodetic data. The InSAR data suggest that pore fluids and interconnected pore space are ubiquitously present throughout the seismogenic layer up to depth of 15 km or greater. The effective hydraulic diffusivity of the upper crust inferred from the kinetics of surface deformation is of the order of 0.1–1 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/s, consistent with the laboratory, field, and deep borehole measurements. The post‐Landers geodetic data suggest that discrete narrow fault zones extend into the lower crust and perhaps the uppermost mantle, thus lending support to a “block tectonics” model of the Eastern California Shear Zone.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469719219072","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yuri Fialko"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-08","prism:volume":"109","prism:number":"B8","prism:startingPage":"B08401"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004JB002985"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004JB002985"}],"createdAt":"2004-08-02","modifiedAt":"2023-10-12","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050025031477434368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ground uplift related to permeability enhancement following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Kanto Plain, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050869456405816320","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Surface displacements of Aso volcano after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake based on SAR interferometry: implications for dynamic triggering of earthquake-volcano interactions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021389827275264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The 2023 Mw 7.8 and 7.6 Earthquake Doublet in Southeast Türkiye: Coseismic and Early Postseismic Deformation, Faulting Model, and Potential Seismic Hazard"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640349255936","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Postseismic relaxation due to Bhuj earthquake on January 26, 2001: possible mechanisms and processes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204304127104","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"水準測量データによる1930年伊東沖群発地震のダイク貫入モデル"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Dike Intrusion Model of the 1930 off Ito Earthquake Swarm Estimated from Leveling Data"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"スイジュン ソクリョウ データ ニ ヨル 1930ネン イトウオキ グンパツ ジシン ノ ダイク カンニュウ モデル"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679044508672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Crustal Deformation After 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu Earthquake, Central Japan, Investigated by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"PS干渉解析による2004年新潟県中越地震後の地殻変動"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"PS カンショウ カイセキ ニ ヨル 2004ネン ニイガタケン チュウエツ ジシン ゴ ノ チカク ヘンドウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390857512438857216","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Surface Displacements Near Active Faults in Hanshin Area Estimated by Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"PS干渉SAR解析によって推定された阪神エリアにおける活断層近傍の地表変動"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520290884192843904","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Complex and realistic modeling of InSAR data"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Complex and realistic modeling of InSAR data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051753216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seasonal and transient surface displacements in the Kumamoto area, Japan, associated with the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake : implications for seismic-induced groundwater level 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