{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469791102080.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43023-9"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"14653168"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Role of basal ganglia–brainstem systems in the control of postural muscle tone and locomotion"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"This chapter argues that a basal ganglia-brainstem system throughout the mesopontine tegmentum contributes to an automatic control of movement that operates in conjunction with voluntary control processes. Activity of a muscle tone inhibitory system and the locomotion executing system can be steadily balanced by a net excitatory cortical input and a net inhibitory basal ganglia input to these systems. We further propose that dysfunction of the basal ganglia-brainstem system, together with that of the cortico-basal ganglia loop, underlies the pathogenesis of motor disturbances expressed in basal ganglia diseases."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469791102081","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kaoru Takakusaki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469791102208","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Junko Oohinata-Sugimoto"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469791102082","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazuya Saitoh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981469791102080","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tatsuya Habaguchi"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00796123"},{"@type":"ISBN","@value":"9780444513892"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Progress in Brain Research"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004","prism:volume":"143","prism:startingPage":"231","prism:endingPage":"237"},"reviewed":"false","createdAt":"2004-05-19","modifiedAt":"2019-02-09","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Muscle%20Tonus","dc:title":"Muscle Tonus"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Posture","dc:title":"Posture"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Animals","dc:title":"Animals"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Motor%20Activity","dc:title":"Motor Activity"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Muscle,%20Skeletal","dc:title":"Muscle, Skeletal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Basal%20Ganglia","dc:title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=gamma-Aminobutyric%20Acid","dc:title":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Brain%20Stem","dc:title":"Brain 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