{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470379602176.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/1520-0469-37.7.1521"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/37/7/1521/3421197/1520-0469-37_7_1521.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Extended Clouds: Inferences from Winter MONEX"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The most common cloud species observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment (WMONEX) wasthick (optically black) middle and upper tropospheric extended cloud. Data from the GeostationaryMeteorological Satellite (GMS) showed the extended cloud to occupy half the near-equatorial SouthChina Sea and Indonesia on some days with tops in the vicinity of the 200 mb level. Detailed observations from the WMONEX composite observing array indicated that the clouds extended up to 750 kmfrom the convective source regions, possessed bases in the vicinity of the freezing level and lay above agenerally suppressed and subsident lower troposphere. The observation of widespread precipitation fromthe extended cloud and the encountering of ice particles during the cloud penetrations suggest that theextended clouds are active in a diabatic heating sense.Calculations using a radiative transfer model and cloud and atmospheric states derived from WMONEXdata indicate substantial net heating at the base of the cloud (-20 K day1) and cooling at the top(-5 to -15 K day1), resulting in a heating rate differential between the base and top of the cloud of upto 35 K day\". Net heating or cooling occurs depending upon the diurnal cycle. It is conjectured thatthe effect of the radiative heating is to destabilize the cloud layer. As the magnitude of the radiativeheating at the base of the cloud is at least within a factor of 2 of estimates of the cooling at the cloudbase due to melting for moderate disturbances and relatively greater for weak disturbances or in locationswell removed from the convective source in any disturbance, it is argued that radiative effects cannotbe ignored in the calculation of the total diabatic heating fields in tropical cloud systems.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981470379602177","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Peter J. Webster"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Physics, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981470379602176","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Graeme L. Stephens"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Physics, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1980-07-01","prism:volume":"37","prism:number":"7","prism:startingPage":"1521","prism:endingPage":"1541"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/37/7/1521/3421197/1520-0469-37_7_1521.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2011-03-02","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282450110592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661488409984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radiative Invigoration of Tropical Convection by Preceding Cirrus Clouds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503247360","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"熱帯の雲クラスターと大規模上昇流"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Cloud Clusters and Large-Scale Vertical Motions in the Tropics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206504795264","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"雲水量を予報変数として取り扱ったUCLA大気大循環モデルのテスト実験"},{"@language":"en","@value":"An Examination of the Effects of Explicit Cloud Water in the UCLA GCM"},{"@value":"雲水量を予報変数として取り扱ったUCLA大気大循環モデルのテスト実験〔英文〕"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ウンスイリョウ オ ヨホウ ヘンスウ ト シテ トリアツカッタ UCLA タイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505430528","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Atmospheric General Circulation and its Low Frequency Variance: Radiative Influences"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206506345216","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"赤道域クラウドクラスターへのビデオゾンデ観測"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Videosonde Observations of Precipitation Processes in Equatorial Cloud Clusters"},{"@value":"赤道域クラウドクラスターへのビデオソンデ観測〔英文〕"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"セキドウイキ クラウド クラスター エ ノ ビデオ ソンデ カンソク エイブン"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206508050560","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"アジアモンスーン降水系の熱と水蒸気のソースとシンク"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Heat and Moisture Sources and Sinks of Asian Monsoon Precipitating Systems"},{"@value":"アジアモンスーン降水系の熱と水蒸気のソースとシンク〔英文〕"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"アジア モンスーン コウスイケイ ノ ネツ ト スイジョウキ ノ ソース ト"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479931136","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"赤道付近の冬季モンスーンにおける中規模対流系に伴う鉛直運動"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Vertical Motion in Near-Equatorial Winter Monsoon Convection"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317019185792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal cycle over a coastal area of the Maritime Continent as derived by special networked soundings over Jakarta during HARIMAU2010"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/1520-0469-37.7.1521"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.60.1_396_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.71.1_93_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/mwr-d-21-0337.1_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.60.2_682_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0216-3_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.70.1b_353_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.73.2b_509_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-17-0355.1_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj1965.64a.0_151_references_DOI_PEt2Z1i4y8V1pzH14H3YRcRfD4H"}]}