{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470667978624.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/93rg00268"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F93RG00268"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/93RG00268"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"30002115893"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Gas hydrates—geological perspective and global change"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Natural gas hydrates occur worldwide in polar regions, normally associated with onshore and offshore permafrost, and in sediment of outer continental and insular margins. The total amount of methane in gas hydrates likely exceeds 10<jats:sup>19</jats:sup> g of methane carbon. Three aspects of gas hydrates are important: their fossil fuel resource potential, their role as a submarine geohazard, and their effects on global climate change. Because gas hydrates represent a large amount of methane within 2000 m of the Earth's surface, they are considered to be an unconventional, unproven source of fossil fuel. Because gas hydrates are metastable, changes of pressure and temperature affect their stability. Destabilized gas hydrates beneath the seafloor lead to geologic hazards such as submarine slumps and slides, examples of which are found worldwide. Destabilized gas hydrates may also affect climate through the release of methane, a “greenhouse” gas, which may enhance global warming and be a factor in global climate change.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981470667978624","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Keith A. Kvenvolden"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"87551209"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19449208"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Reviews of Geophysics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1993-05","prism:volume":"31","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"173","prism:endingPage":"187"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F93RG00268"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/93RG00268"}],"createdAt":"2004-02-04","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001335849123072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Elasticity and Stability of Clathrate Hydrate: Role of Guest Molecule Motions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282812465253888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Methane sources and sinks in the subtropical South Pacific along 17°S as traced by stable isotope ratiosOriginal Research Article"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050292726806574464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"In situ thermal excursions detected in the Nankai Trough forearc slope sediment at IODP NanTroSEIZE Site C0008"},{"@value":"In situ thermal excursions detected in Nankai Trough forearc slope sediment at IODP NanTroSEIZE Site C0008"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050299693923001216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Proton conduction in tetra-n-butylammonium bromide semiclathrate hydrate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050303321522184832","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Electrical resistivity tomography combined with seismic data estimates heterogeneous distribution of near-seafloor concentrated gas hydrates within gas chimneys"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288761587200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Molecular and Isotopic Composition of Volatiles in Gas Hydrates and in Sediment from the Joetsu Basin, Eastern Margin of the Japan Sea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760765744256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Microscopic Origin of Strain Hardening in Methane Hydrate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216876606592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mechanical properties of clathrate hydrates: status and perspectives"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004230175252224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A synthesis of heat flow determinations and thermal modeling along the Nankai Trough, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232127400960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Production strategy for oceanic methane hydrate extraction and power generation with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690832620928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Numerical analysis of core-scale methane hydrate dissociation dynamics and multiphase flow in porous media"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691779048064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New silica clathrate minerals that are isostructural with natural gas hydrates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704778472704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Authigenesis of magnetic minerals in gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Nankai Trough, offshore Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708264706688","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Heat flow estimated from BSR and IODP borehole data: Implication of recent uplift and erosion of the imbricate thrust zone in the Nankai Trough off Kumano"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286992083622272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Influence of faults and slumping on hydrocarbon migration inferred from 3D seismic attributes: Sanriku-Oki forearc basin, northeast Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306905607539584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A review of benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168117704448","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gas hydrate saturation at <scp>S</scp>ite <scp>C</scp>0002, <scp>IODP E</scp>xpeditions 314 and 315, in the <scp>K</scp>umano <scp>B</scp>asin, <scp>N</scp>ankai trough"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118782622720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pore pressure and gas saturation distribution in the forearc basin of the Nankai subduction zone inferred from high-resolution Vp and Vs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640994414720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Characterization of hydrate and gas reservoirs in plate convergent margin by applying rock physics to high-resolution seismic velocity model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846641722887040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Physicochemical impacts associated with natural gas development on methanogenesis in deep sand aquifers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657039637888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Undrained Triaxial Compression Tests on Artificial CO2-hydrate-bearing Sand Specimens"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657419437696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rate effect on the stress-strain relations of synthetic carbon dioxide hydrate-bearing sand and dissociation tests by thermal stimulation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658877747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gas hydrate saturation and distribution in the Kumano Forearc Basin of the Nankai Trough"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848659387385472","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Study of methane hydrate as a future energy resource: low emission extraction and power generation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567863748736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Distributions of gas hydrate and free gas accumulations associated with upward fluid flow in the Sanriku-Oki forearc basin, northeast Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131417013736704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Equivalent formation strength as a proxy tool for exploring for the location and distribution of gas hydrates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204229995264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Recent Advance of Marine Electromagnetic Sounding and Its Application to Methane Hydrate Detection"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"海底電磁探査の近年の進歩とメタンハイドレート検出への適用"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"カイテイ デンジ タンサ ノ キンネン ノ シンポ ト メタンハイドレート ケンシュツ エ ノ テキヨウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204552173824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Methane production and accumulation in the Nankai accretionary prism: Results from IODP Expeditions 315 and 316"},{"@value":"Gas Chemistry of Pore Fluids from Oomine Ridge on the Nankai Accretionary Prism"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390019302696531584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Overview: Resource Assessment of Methane Hydrates at the Eastern Nankai Trough and the Eastern Margin of the Sea of Japan"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"東部南海トラフと日本海東縁に分布するメタンハイドレートの堆積物中含有量と原始資源量"},{"@value":"日本周辺海域におけるメタンハイドレートの分布,産状と起源"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ニホン シュウヘン カイイキ ニ オケル メタンハイドレート ノ ブンプ,サンジョウ ト キゲン"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"トウブ ナンカイ トラフ ト ニホンカイ トウエン ニ ブンプ スル メタンハイドレート ノ タイセキブツ チュウ ガンユウリョウ ト ゲンシ シゲンリョウ"},{"@value":"Overview: Distribution, Occurrence, and Origins of Methane Hydrates around the Japan Islands"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679323044224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Subseafloor Microbial Communities in Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediment at Two Distinct Locations (ODP Leg204) in the Cascadia Margin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679527143936","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Organic carbon content, bacterial methanogenesis, and accumulation processes of gas hydrates in marine sediments."},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Organic carbon content bacterial methan"},{"@value":"Organic carbon content, bacterial methano-genesis, and accumulation process of gas hydrates in marine sediments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681211723520","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Methane hydrate. Estimation of amount of methane and resources of natural gas hydrates in the world and around Japan."},{"@value":"メタンハイドレート　天然ガスハイドレートのメタン量と資源量の推定"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"テンネン ガスハイドレート ノ メタンリョウ ト シゲンリョウ ノ スイテイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681214883456","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Messoyakha Gas Field and Methane Gas Hydrate"},{"@value":"メソヤハガス田とメタンガスハイドレート"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390283659857131008","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Influence of dual sulfate reduction pathways on pore-fluid chemistry and occurrences of methane hydrate in sediment cores (IODP-353) off Mahanadi basin, Bay of Bengal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520009407137852544","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"経験的モード分解法の反射法地震探査記録への適用"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ケイケンテキ モード ブンカイホウ ノ ハンシャホウ ジシン タンサ キロク エ ノ テキヨウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520290883113276160","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"メタンハイドレート資源の開発"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"メタンハイドレート シゲン ノ カイハツ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520572357109725184","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Promotion of Methane Hydrate Dissociation by Underwater Ultrasonic Wave"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Promotion of Methane Hydrate Dissociation by Underwater Ultrasonic Wave"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520853833952485760","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"メタンハイドレート賦存層のAVO応答予測"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"メタンハイドレートフゾンソウ ノ AVO オウトウ ヨソク"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1522825130290015360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spatial distribution of dissolved methane and its source in the western Arctic Ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1523106604864911744","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Preliminary expelimental results of the stable P-T conditions of methane hydrate in a nannofossil-rich claystone column"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Preliminary expelimental results of the stable P T conditions of methane hydrate in a nannofossil rich claystone column"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1571417124660639872","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Pressure and temoerature conditions for methane hydrate dissociation in sodium chloride solutions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417166193792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rock magnetic characterization of ferrimagnetic iron sulfides in gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments at Site C0008, Nankai Trough, Pacific Ocean, off-coast Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/93rg00268"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"30002115893"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-017-01369-0_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1039/c2ee03435b_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/jgrb.50230_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-014-0171-1_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/en8064647_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5026/jgeography.118.935_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104305_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5026/jgeography.133.63_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-024-65817-4_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/ncomms1196_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2014gc005614_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2011gc003609_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2343/geochemj.2.0576_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108896_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/srep23548_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/iar.12064_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10872-017-0460-y_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.12.002_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108911_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ssi.2023.116188_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/ismej.2014.140_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1071/eg15127_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1088/1755-1315/40/1/012074_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-015-0287-y_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1143/jjap.45.4816_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1264/jsme2.me08514_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2343/geochemj.1.0155_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ces.2016.07.035_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.029_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1446_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.10.013_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.sandf.2018.05.007_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.024_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.06.010_references_DOI_1MusxW78eQf46D0OQXXivbnlEb4"}]}