{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471075707776.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/2007jas2428.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/65/2/392/3501157/2007jas2428_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Aerosol Effects on Clouds, Precipitation, and the Organization of Shallow Cumulus Convection"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigates the effects of aerosol on clouds, precipitation, and the organization of trade wind cumuli using large eddy simulations (LES). Results show that for this shallow-cumulus-under-stratocumulus case, cloud fraction increases with increasing aerosol as the aerosol number mixing ratio increases from 25 (domain-averaged surface precipitation rate ∼0.65 mm day−1) to 100 mg−1 (negligible surface precipitation). Further increases in aerosol result in a reduction in cloud fraction. It is suggested that opposing influences of aerosol-induced suppression of precipitation and aerosol-induced enhancement of evaporation are responsible for this nonmonotonic behavior.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Under clean conditions (25 mg−1), drizzle is shown to initiate and maintain mesoscale organization of cumulus convection. Precipitation induces downdrafts and cold pool outflow as the cumulus cell develops. At the surface, the center of the cell is characterized by a divergence field, while the edges of the cell are zones of convergence. Convergence drives the formation and development of new cloud cells, leading to a mesoscale open cellular structure. These zones of new cloud formation generate new precipitation zones that continue to reinforce the cellular structure. For simulations with an aerosol concentration of 100 mg−1 the cloud fields do not show any cellular organization. On average, no evidence is found for aerosol effects on the lifetime of these clouds, suggesting that cloud fraction response to changes in aerosol is tied to the frequency of convection and/or cloud size.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471075707778","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Huiwen Xue"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471075707777","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Graham Feingold"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471075707776","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bjorn Stevens"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-02-01","prism:volume":"65","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"392","prism:endingPage":"406"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/65/2/392/3501157/2007jas2428_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2008-02-19","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564289060620032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Characteristics of Correlation Statistics between Droplet Radius and Optical Thickness of Warm Clouds Simulated by a Three-Dimensional Regional-Scale Spectral Bin Microphysics Cloud Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205222306432","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Horizontal Distance of Each Cumulus and Cloud Broadening Distance Determine Cloud Cover"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480690048","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Understanding macrophysical outcomes of microphysical choices in simulations of shallow cumulus convection"},{"@value":"Understanding macrophysical outcomes of microphysical choices in simulations of shallow cumulus convection(<Special Issue>The International Workshop on High-Resolution and Cloud Modeling, 2006)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390566775133229312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Impacts of Number of Cloud Condensation Nuclei on Two-Dimensional Moist Rayleigh Convection"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"湿潤二次元Rayleigh対流への雲凝結核数の影響"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390567901489374720","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"An Energy Balance Model for Low--Level Clouds Based on a Simulation Resolving Mesoscale Motions"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"メソスケールの流れを解像したシミュレーションを基にした下層雲のエネルギー平衡モデルの構築"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1391693801400661632","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigating Aerosol Effects on Maritime Deep Convective Clouds Using Satellite and Reanalysis Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996267026447488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of cloud microphysics on trade wind cumulus : which cloud microphysics processes contribute to the diversity in a large eddy simulation？"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/2007jas2428.1"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-023_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.86a.143_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/sola.2015-019_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-015-0053-6_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/sola.2020-038_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-11-076.1_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2020-051_references_DOI_OcYS1bcnrXYPwVh861ybeYfsAr9"}]}