{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471114718592.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/1999ja900025"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JA900025"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JA900025"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Radar and satellite global equatorial <i>F</i> region vertical drift model"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>We present the first global empirical model for the quiet time <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region equatorial vertical drifts based on combined incoherent scatter radar observations at Jicamarca and Ion Drift Meter observations on board the Atmospheric Explorer E satellite. This analytical model, based on products of cubic‐B splines and with nearly conservative electric fields, describes the diurnal and seasonal variations of the equatorial vertical drifts for a continuous range of all longitudes and solar flux values. Our results indicate that during solar minimum, the evening prereversal velocity enhancement exhibits only small longitudinal variations during equinox with amplitudes of about 15–20 m/s, is observed only in the American sector during December solstice with amplitudes of about 5–10 m/s, and is absent at all longitudes during June solstice. The solar minimum evening reversal times are fairly independent of longitude except during December solstice. During solar maximum, the evening upward vertical drifts and reversal times exhibit large longitudinal variations, particularly during the solstices. In this case, for a solar flux index of 180, the June solstice evening peak drifts maximize in the Pacific region with drift amplitudes of up to 35 m/s, whereas the December solstice velocities maximize in the American sector with comparable magnitudes. The equinoctial peak velocities vary between about 35 and 45 m/s. The morning reversal times and the daytime drifts exhibit only small variations with the phase of the solar cycle. The daytime drifts have largest amplitudes between about 0900 and 1100 LT with typical values of 25–30 m/s. We also show that our model results are in good agreement with other equatorial ground‐based observations over India, Brazil, and Kwajalein.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004057903080066","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. Scherliess"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471114718593","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. G. Fejer"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1999-04","prism:volume":"104","prism:number":"A4","prism:startingPage":"6829","prism:endingPage":"6842"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JA900025"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JA900025"}],"createdAt":"2002-09-17","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564288161077632","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Theory, Modeling, and Integrated studies in the Arase (ERG) project"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229803303552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An ensemble average method to estimate absolute TEC using radio beacon-based differential phase measurements: Applicability to regions of large latitudinal gradients in plasma density"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282443420928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Generation of an Unseasonal EPB Over South East Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691685047680","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observations and model calculations of the<i>F</i><sub>3</sub>layer in the Southeast Asian equatorial ionosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306906071668224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Signatures of the Long Duration Prompt Penetration Electric Field in the 18 MHz HF Radar Observations Over Thumba"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567179754184192","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Vertical ExB drifts from radar and C/NOFS observations in the Indian and Indonesian sectors: Consistency of observations and model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567180128491264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Thermospheric tidal effects on the ionospheric midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly using SAMI3 and TIEGCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183241836288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"C/NOFS satellite observations of equatorial ionospheric plasma structures supported by multiple ground-based diagnostics in October 2008"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183247379712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Response of the Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Coupling to the September 2017 Storm: What Erodes the Plasmasphere so Severely?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848654738430080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"First Study on the Occurrence Frequency of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over West Africa Using an All‐Sky Airglow Imager and GNSS Receivers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361694368033528192","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Neural Network‐Based Ionospheric Model Over Africa From Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate and Ground Global Positioning System Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050025942135631488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014 : 2. 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