{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471448273152.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Treatment of selective mutism: a 5-year follow-up study"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Selective mutism (SM) has been defined as an anxiety disorder in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended approach for SM, but prospective long-term outcome studies are lacking. Reports from the children themselves, and the use of more global quality of life measures, are also missing in the literature. We have developed a school-based CBT intervention previously found to increase speech in a pilot efficacy study and a randomized controlled treatment study. Continued progress was found in our 1-year follow-up studies, where older age and more severe SM had a significant negative effect upon outcome. In the present study, we provide 5-year outcome data for 30 of these 32 children with SM who completed the same CBT for mean 21 weeks (sd 5, range 8–24) at mean age 6 years (10 boys). Mean age at the 5-year follow-up was 11 years (range 8–14). Outcome measures were diagnostic status, the teacher- and parent-rated selective mutism questionnaires, and child rated quality of life and speaking behavior. At the 5-year follow-up, 21 children were in full remission, five were in partial remission and four fulfilled diagnostic criteria for SM. Seven children (23%) fulfilled criteria for social phobia, and separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia and/or enuresis nocturna were found in a total of five children (17%). Older age and severity at baseline and familial SM were significant negative predictors of outcome. Treatment gains were maintained on the teacher- and parent questionnaires. The children rated their overall quality of life as good. Although most of them talked outside of home, 50% still experienced it as somewhat challenging. These results point to the long-term effectiveness of CBT for SM, but also highlight the need to develop more effective interventions for the subset of children with persistent symptoms.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Clinical trials registration</jats:italic>NCT01002196</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471448273153","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Beate Oerbeck"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471448273155","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kristin Romvig Overgaard"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471448273154","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Murray B. Stein"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471448273152","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Are Hugo Pripp"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1381981471448273156","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hanne Kristensen"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"10188827"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"1435165X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-01-22","prism:volume":"27","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"997","prism:endingPage":"1009"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-01-22","modifiedAt":"2024-06-30","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360023717930689280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for selective mutism: findings from selective mutism questionnaire (SMQ) and school speech questionnaire (SSQ)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390007750043465472","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effects of a Therapeutic Intervention Using Exposure and Psychoeducation With Adolescents and Adults Who Have Selective Mutism"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"青年期・成人期の場面緘黙当事者に対するエクスポージャーと心理教育を用いた治療的介入の効果"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"セイネンキ ・ セイジンキ ノ バメンカンモクトウジシャ ニ タイスル エクスポージャー ト シンリ キョウイク オ モチイタ チリョウテキ カイニュウ ノ コウカ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390570242645783424","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Adaptive and Maladaptive Processes in Individuals Who Had Experienced Selective Mutism"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"場面緘黙経験者の適応・不適応過程についての研究"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"バメンカンモクケイケンシャ ノ テキオウ ・ フテキオウ カテイ ニ ツイテ ノ ケンキュウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390868671488056064","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Comparison of Treatment Strategies and the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (SMQ) Scores in Japanese and International Clinical Trials"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5926/jjep.69.99_references_DOI_aCtbfzByw694H357WEboGHeh1l5"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.6033/tokkyou.58.207_references_DOI_aCtbfzByw694H357WEboGHeh1l5"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s13034-025-00891-8_references_DOI_aCtbfzByw694H357WEboGHeh1l5"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.6033/specialeducation.24-r004_references_DOI_aCtbfzByw694H357WEboGHeh1l5"}]}