{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943384959488.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2016ja023647"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023647"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023647"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2016JA023647"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023647"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"First observation of presunset ionospheric <i>F</i> region bottom‐type scattering layer"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The bottom‐type irregularity scattering layer (BSL) that can appear in the ionospheric <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region bottomside has been observed generally after sunset, serving as a possible telltale of equatorial spread <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> (ESF). Using simultaneous multibeam radar measurements over two low‐latitude stations, Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E; dip latitude 13°N) and Fuke (19.3°N, 109.1°E; dip latitude 14°N) in China, we report, for the first time, a thin BSL that initially occurred at presunset (~1720 LT), much earlier than the occurrence of BSL generated from the equatorial plasma shear vortex‐driven instability. The presunset BSL was situated around 225 km altitude and continued to exist until the appearance of ESF plumes after sunset (~1930 LT). Interestingly, the Doppler velocities of the presunset BSL echoes measured by the radar and the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> layer virtual heights obtained from the collocated Digisonde measurements over Sanya both show oscillations with a period of about 1 h, suggesting a close link between the occurrences of the BSL and of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region plasma density large‐scale wave structure before sunset. These observations could imply an important role of gravity waves in the generation of the presunset <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> region bottom‐type irregularities.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959490","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Guozhu Li"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959494","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Baiqi Ning"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959488","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. A. Abdu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais  Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil"},{"@value":"Instituto Tecnologioc de Aeronautica  Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959489","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Weixing Wan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959495","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chi Wang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"Hainan National Observatory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959491","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Guotao Yang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"Hainan National Observatory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959492","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kangkang Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959496","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Libo Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943384959493","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chunxiao Yan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"@value":"Hainan National Observatory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699380"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699402"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-03","prism:volume":"122","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"3788","prism:endingPage":"3797"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023647"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023647"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2016JA023647"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023647"}],"createdAt":"2017-03-15","modifiedAt":"2023-09-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580232393507328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effect of the seed perturbation amplitude on the equatorial spread F initiation during solar minimum"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361412893055261568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Storm‐Enhanced Development of Postsunset Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Around the Meridian 120°E/60°W on 7–8 September 2017"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050588892078379264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Daytime F-region irregularity triggered by rocket-induced ionospheric hole over low latitude"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2016ja023647"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0172-y_references_DOI_X1ZSJIG7PqjFaNinjPGGKRFNbZT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.asr.2022.09.035_references_DOI_X1ZSJIG7PqjFaNinjPGGKRFNbZT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018ja025871_references_DOI_X1ZSJIG7PqjFaNinjPGGKRFNbZT"}]}