{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943732013440.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/bdrc.20202"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fbdrc.20202"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bdrc.20202"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Embryos as targets of endocrine disrupting contaminants in wildlife"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Environmental contaminants are now a ubiquitous part of the ecological landscape, and a growing literature describes the ability of many of these chemicals to alter the developmental trajectory of the embryo. Because many environmental pollutants readily bioaccumulate in lipid rich tissues, wildlife can attain considerable body burdens. Embryos are often exposed to these pollutants through maternal transfer, and a growing number of studies report long‐term or permanent developmental consequences. Many biological mechanisms are reportedly affected by environmental contaminants in the developing embryo and fetus, including neurodevelopment, steroidogenesis, gonadal differentiation, and liver function. Embryos are not exposed to one chemical at a time, but are chronically exposed to many chemicals simultaneously. Mixture studies show that for some developmental disorders, mixtures of chemicals cause a more deleterious response than would be predicted from their individual toxicities. Synergistic responses to low dose mixtures make it difficult to estimate developmental outcomes, and as such, traditional toxicity testing often results in an underestimate of exposure risks. In addition, the knowledge that biological systems do not necessarily respond in a dose‐dependent fashion, and that very low doses of a chemical can prove more harmful than higher doses, has created a paradigm shift in studies of environmental contaminant‐induced dysfunction. Although laboratory studies are critical for providing dose‐response relationships and determining specific mechanisms involved in disease etiology, wildlife sentinels more accurately reflect the genetic diversity of real world exposure conditions, and continue to alert scientists and health professionals alike of the consequences of developmental exposures to environmental pollutants. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 93:19–33, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943732013441","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heather J. Hamlin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943732013440","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Louis J. Guillette"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"1542975X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15429768"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-03","prism:volume":"93","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"19","prism:endingPage":"33"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fbdrc.20202"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bdrc.20202"}],"createdAt":"2011-03-21","modifiedAt":"2023-11-20","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236938476032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1; ERα), not ESR2 (ERβ), Modulates Estrogen-Induced Sex Reversal in the American Alligator, a Species With Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285705132051328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Establishment of transactivation assay systems using fish, amphibian, reptilian and human thyroid hormone receptors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657489155200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular cloning and characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptors and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocators in the American alligator"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661332307584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gonadal Differentiation in Reptiles Exhibiting Environmental Sex Determination"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390857368728954496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Characteristics of cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism in the liver of the          wild raccoon, <i>Procyon lotor</i>"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/bdrc.20202"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1210/en.2014-1852_references_DOI_N4SAP3vWnNyvCkprxX0CunjoQGy"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/jat.2825_references_DOI_N4SAP3vWnNyvCkprxX0CunjoQGy"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1159/000358892_references_DOI_N4SAP3vWnNyvCkprxX0CunjoQGy"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1292/jvms.22-0182_references_DOI_N4SAP3vWnNyvCkprxX0CunjoQGy"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.05.002_references_DOI_N4SAP3vWnNyvCkprxX0CunjoQGy"}]}