{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943889712384.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.015"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0019103510001727?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0019103510001727?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Impact-induced N2 production from ammonium sulfate: Implications for the origin and evolution of N2 in Titan’s atmosphere"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Abstract   Chemical reactions and volatile supply through hypervelocity impacts may have played a key role for the origin and evolution of both planetary and satellite atmospheres. In this study, we evaluate the role of impact-induced N 2  production from reduced nitrogen-bearing solids proposed to be contained in Titan’s crust, ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), for the replenishment of N 2  to the atmosphere in Titan’s history. To investigate the conversion of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  into N 2  by hypervelocity impacts, we measured gases released from (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  that was exposed to hypervelocity impacts created by a laser gun. The sensitivity and accuracy of the measurements were enhanced by using an isotope labeling technique for the target. We obtained the efficiency of N 2  production from (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  as a function of peak shock pressure ranging from ∼8 to ∼45 GPa. Our results indicate that the initial and complete shock pressures for N 2  degassing from (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  are ∼10 and ∼25 GPa, respectively. These results suggest that cometary impacts on Titan (i.e., impact velocity  v i   > ∼8 km/s) produce N 2  efficiently; whereas satellitesimal impacts during the accretion (i.e.,  v i   2  only inefficiently. Even when using the proposed small amount of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  content in the crust (∼4 wt.%) (Fortes, A.D. et al., 2007. Icarus 188, 139–153), the total amount of N 2  provided through cometary impacts over 4.5 Ga reaches ∼2–6 times the present atmospheric N 2  (i.e., ∼7 × 10 20 –2 × 10 21  [mol]) based on the measured production efficiency and results of a hydrodynamic simulation of cometary impacts onto Titan. This implies that cometary impacts onto Titan’s crust have the potential to account for a large part of the present N 2  through the atmospheric replenishment after the accretion."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712388","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sho Fukuzaki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712387","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasuhito Sekine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712386","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hidenori Genda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712512","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Seiji Sugita"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712385","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Toshihiko Kadono"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262943889712384","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takafumi Matsui"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00191035"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Icarus"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-10","prism:volume":"209","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"715","prism:endingPage":"722"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0019103510001727?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0019103510001727?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2010-04-29","modifiedAt":"2019-05-28","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285705862412416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evolution of Early Atmosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707161193472","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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