{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944094392960.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2003"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2003"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Hand function: peripheral and central constraints on performance"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p> The hand is one of the most fascinating and sophisticated biological motor systems. The complex biomechanical and neural architecture of the hand poses challenging questions for understanding the control strategies that underlie the coordination of finger movements and forces required for a wide variety of behavioral tasks, ranging from multidigit grasping to the individuated movements of single digits. Hence, a number of experimental approaches, from studies of finger movement kinematics to the recording of electromyographic and cortical activities, have been used to extend our knowledge of neural control of the hand. Experimental evidence indicates that the simultaneous motion and force of the fingers are characterized by coordination patterns that reduce the number of independent degrees of freedom to be controlled. Peripheral and central constraints in the neuromuscular apparatus have been identified that may in part underlie these coordination patterns, simplifying the control of multi-digit grasping while placing certain limitations on individuation of finger movements. We review this evidence, with a particular emphasis on how these constraints extend through the neuromuscular system from the behavioral aspects of finger movements and forces to the control of the hand from the motor cortex. </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262944094392961","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marc H. Schieber"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262944094392960","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marco Santello"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"87507587"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15221601"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Applied Physiology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Physiological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-06","prism:volume":"96","prism:number":"6","prism:startingPage":"2293","prism:endingPage":"2300"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2003"}],"createdAt":"2004-05-07","modifiedAt":"2019-09-08","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216092176768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Histological and electrophysiological analysis of the corticospinal pathway to forelimb motoneurons in common marmosets"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285711756778624","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Transfer of piano practice in fast performance of skilled finger movements"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118743074304","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Adaptation of the Corticomuscular and Biomechanical Systems of Pianists"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846643298803968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Aberrant cortical excitability reflects the loss of hand dexterity in musician's dystonia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657328511616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Decoding the activity of grasping neurons recorded from the ventral premotor area F5 of the macaque monkey"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204328935168","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Neural Network Related to Hand Movement: A Combined Study of Diffusion Tensor Tractography and Functional MRI"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01063.2003"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1589/jpts.23.97_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1471-2202-14-133_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.neures.2015.05.001_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/cercor/bhab229_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1113/jp275813_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.062_references_DOI_KiEfnUB7FIzI8UJBJyYKSm867eU"}]}