{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945005727232.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/angeo-22-1267-2004"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/1267/2004/angeo-22-1267-2004.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Morphology of the ring current derived from magnetic field observations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Our examination of the 20 years of magnetospheric magnetic field data from ISEE, AMPTE/CCE and Polar missions has allowed us to quantify how the ring current flows and closes in the magnetosphere at a variety of disturbance levels. Using intercalibrated magnetic field data from the three spacecraft, we are able to construct the statistical magnetic field maps and derive 3-dimensional current density by the simple device of taking the curl of the statistically determined magnetic field. The results show that there are two ring currents, an inner one that flows eastward at ~3 RE and a main westward ring current at ~4–7 RE for all levels of geomagnetic disturbances. In general, the in-situ observations show that the ring current varies as the Dst index decreases, as we would expect it to change. An unexpected result is how asymmetric it is in local time. Some current clearly circles the magnetosphere but much of the energetic plasma stays in the night hemisphere. These energetic particles appear not to be able to readily convect into the dayside magnetosphere. During quiet times, the symmetric and partial ring currents are similar in strength (~0.5MA) and the peak of the westward ring current is close to local midnight. It is the partial ring current that exhibits most drastic intensification as the level of disturbances increases. Under the condition of moderate magnetic storms, the total partial ring current reaches ~3MA, whereas the total symmetric ring current is ~1MA. Thus, the partial ring current contributes dominantly to the decrease in the Dst index. As the ring current strengthens the peak of the partial ring current shifts duskward to the pre-midnight sector. The partial ring current is closed by a meridional current system through the ionosphere, mainly the field-aligned current, which maximizes at local times near the dawn and dusk. The closure currents flow in the sense of region-2 field-aligned currents, downward into the ionosphere near the dusk and upward out of the ionosphere near the dawn. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (current systems; storms and substorms; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics)\n                    </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380848655764318471","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Le"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945005727232","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. T. Russell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945005727234","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Takahashi"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14320576"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Annales Geophysicae"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-04-02","prism:volume":"22","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"1267","prism:endingPage":"1295"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/22/1267/2004/angeo-22-1267-2004.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2010-06-15","modifiedAt":"2021-01-28","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282813186026624","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Simulation study of near-Earth space disturbances: 1. magnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050283688007934080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Meridional Distribution of Middle-Energy Protons and Pressure-Driven Currents in the Nightside Inner Magnetosphere: Arase Observations"},{"@value":"Meridional Distribution of Middle‐Energy Protons and Pressure‐Driven Currents in the Nightside Inner Magnetosphere: Arase Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050570852906984064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Intensity and time series of extreme solar-terrestrial storm in 1946 March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050572244954789376","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Contribution of Electron Pressure to Ring Current and Ground Magnetic Depression Using RAM‐SCB Simulations and Arase Observations During 7–8 November 2017 Magnetic Storm"},{"@value":"Contribution of electron pressure to ring current and ground magnetic depression using RAM-SCB simulations and Arase observations during 7–8 November 2017 magnetic storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708263547392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A new generation mechanism of butterfly pitch angle distributions of energetic ions: Multiple pitch angle scattering in the stretched magnetic field"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904396420864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 2024 May: A Flash Data Report"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183245400960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Connection of Storm‐Time Region‐2 Field‐Aligned Current and Ring Current: Arase and AMPERE Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380132190592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dayside Magnetic Depression Following Interplanetary Shock Arrivals During the February 1958 and July 1959 Superstorms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848655764317824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dynamic Inner Magnetosphere: A Tutorial and Recent Advances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205234123904","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Analysis on the Temporal-Spatial Distribution of the Geomagnetic Activity Index Vr"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/angeo-22-1267-2004"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2481/dsj.iaga-06_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2010ja015281_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2021ja029109_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad9335_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018ja025865_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019ja026682_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/staa1508_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2024sw004017_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/978-94-007-0501-2_9_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-019-0264-3_references_DOI_HZw7OXWW6v4DfoakPEbrgJaci7S"}]}