{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945313861504.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2004ja010797"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004JA010797"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004JA010797"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Three‐dimensional ionospheric tomography using observation data of GPS ground receivers and ionosonde by neural network"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>In this paper we present a new method based on a Residual Minimization Training Neural Network (RMTNN) to reconstruct the three‐dimensional electron density distribution of the local ionosphere with high spatial resolution (about 50 km × 50 km in east/west and 30 km in altitude) using GPS and ionosonde observation data. In this method we reconstruct an approximate three‐dimensional electron density distribution as a computer tomographic image by making use of the excellent capability of a multilayer neural network to approximate an arbitrary function. For this application the network training is carried out by minimizing the squared residuals of an integral equation. We combine several additional techniques with the new method, i.e., input space discretization, use of ionosonde observation data to improve the vertical resolution, automatic estimation of the biases of the satellite and the ground receivers by using the parameter estimation method, and estimation of plasmasphere contributions to the total electron content on the basis of an assumption of diffusive equilibrium with constant scale height. Numerical experiments for the actual positions of the GPS satellites and the ground receivers are used to validate the reliability of the method. We also applied the method to the analysis of real observation data and compared the results with ionosonde observations which were not used for the network training.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380857593704410390","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"X. F. Ma"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817245672064","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Maruyama"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817245672065","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Ma"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817245672066","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Takeda"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Computer Science The University of Electro‐Communications  Tokyo Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-05","prism:volume":"110","prism:number":"A5","prism:startingPage":"A5"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004JA010797"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004JA010797"}],"createdAt":"2005-06-11","modifiedAt":"2023-10-31","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050291768617207296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Assessing the performance of a Northeast Asia Japan-centered 3-D ionosphere specification technique during the 2015 St. Patrick’s day geomagnetic storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760743764480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Three-dimensional GPS ionospheric tomography over Japan using constrained least squares"},{"@value":"Three‐dimensional GPS ionospheric tomography over Japan using constrained least squares"},{"@value":"Three-Dimensional GPS Ionospheric Tomograhy over Japan using Constrained Least Squares"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285711841146880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Travel time tomography by use of neural networks."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204460090752","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北米上空における広域電離圏トモグラフィーの性能評価"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Validation of three-dimensional ionospheric tomography over North America region"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204598006016","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of Ionospheric Tomography using Neural Network and its Application to the 2007 Southern Sumatra Earthquake"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"電離圏トモグラフィーによる２００７年南スマトラ地震に先行する電離圏異常の３次元構造解析の試み"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"デンリケン トモグラフィー ニ ヨル 2007ネン ミナミスマトラ ジシン ニ センコウ スル デンリケン イジョウ ノ 3ジゲン コウゾウ カイセキ ノ ココロミ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204599231488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震（Mw9.0）に先行する電離圏異常の時空間分布"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Pre-Seismic Ionospheric Anomaly Prior to the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Mw9.0)"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"2011ネン トウホク チホウ タイヘイヨウオキ ジシン(Mw9.0)ニ センコウ スル デンリケン イジョウ ノ ジクウカン ブンプ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205255590912","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Ionospheric Tomography by Neural Network Collocation Method"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679576349824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"残差最小化学習ニューラルネットワークを用いた電離圏トモグラフィーの性能評価"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Validation of Ionospheric Tomography using Residual Minimization Training Neural Network"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ザンサ サイショウカ ガクシュウ ニューラルネットワーク オ モチイタ デンリケン トモグラフィー ノ セイノウ ヒョウカ"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2004ja010797"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::15939aba145254f2ff666656193fc061"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/ecj.11824_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1585/pfr.2.s1015_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1541/jae.36.1_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1190/segj102011-001.22_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1541/ieejfms.135.117_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/eej.22298_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2013ja019582_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1541/ieejfms.131.691_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01447-8_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1541/ieejfms.136.265_references_DOI_11jWKqWCHMH9ntXZqB5lriZg1yz"}]}