{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945560352000.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2016sw001491"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016SW001491"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016SW001491"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Quantifying the daily economic impact of extreme space weather due to failure in electricity transmission infrastructure"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Extreme space weather due to coronal mass ejections has the potential to cause considerable disruption to the global economy by damaging the transformers required to operate electricity transmission infrastructure. However, expert opinion is split between the potential outcome being one of a temporary regional blackout and of a more prolonged event. The temporary blackout scenario proposed by some is expected to last the length of the disturbance, with normal operations resuming after a couple of days. On the other hand, others have predicted widespread equipment damage with blackout scenarios lasting months. In this paper we explore the potential costs associated with failure in the electricity transmission infrastructure in the U.S. due to extreme space weather, focusing on <jats:italic>daily economic loss</jats:italic>. This provides insight into the direct and indirect economic consequences of how an extreme space weather event may affect domestic production, as well as other nations, via supply chain linkages. By exploring the sensitivity of the blackout zone, we show that on average the direct economic cost incurred from disruption to electricity represents only 49% of the total potential macroeconomic cost. Therefore, if indirect supply chain costs are not considered when undertaking cost‐benefit analysis of space weather forecasting and mitigation investment, the total potential macroeconomic cost is not correctly represented. The paper contributes to our understanding of the economic impact of space weather, as well as making a number of key methodological contributions relevant for future work. Further economic impact assessment of this threat must consider multiday, multiregional events.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945560352000","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Edward J. Oughton"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Centre for Risk Studies, Judge Business School University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945560352002","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew Skelton"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Centre for Risk Studies, Judge Business School University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945560352001","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Richard B. Horne"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council  Cambridge UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945560352004","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alan W. P. Thomson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"British Geological Survey Natural Environment Research Council  Edinburgh UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945560352003","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Charles T. Gaunt"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15427390"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15427390"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Space Weather"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-01","prism:volume":"15","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"65","prism:endingPage":"83"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016SW001491"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016SW001491"}],"createdAt":"2017-01-17","modifiedAt":"2023-09-28","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050570852906984064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Intensity and time series of extreme solar-terrestrial storm in 1946 March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005518172543872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Australian Power Networks Using Different Conductivity Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340522017280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Space Plasma Physics: A Review"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593768399488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme solar and geomagnetic storms on 1940 March 20–25"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417127732864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Space weather benchmarks on Japanese society"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2016sw001491"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018sw002047_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/staa1508_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1109/tps.2022.3208906_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stab3615_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01420-5_references_DOI_AcxOJWn5t1SHsSg7vatJcKESXXN"}]}