{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945768326656.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-161-2016"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/161/2016/acp-16-161-2016.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea in convection-permitting WRF simulations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. In this study, we examine the diurnal cycle of rainfall over New Guinea using a series of convection-permitting numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We focus our simulations on a period of suppressed regional-scale conditions (February 2010) during which local diurnal forcings are maximised. Additionally, we focus our study on the occurrence and dynamics of offshore-propagating convective systems that contribute to the observed early-morning rainfall maximum north-east of New Guinea.In general, modelled diurnal precipitation shows good agreement with satellite-observed rainfall, albeit with some timing and intensity differences. The simulations also reproduce the occurrence and variability of overnight convection that propagate offshore as organised squall lines north-east of New Guinea. The occurrence of these offshore systems is largely controlled by background conditions. Days with offshore-propagating convection have more middle tropospheric moisture, larger convective available potential energy, and greater low-level moisture convergence. Convection has similar characteristics over the terrain on days with and without offshore propagation.The offshore-propagating convection manifests via a multi-stage evolutionary process. First, scattered convection over land, which is remnant of the daytime maximum, moves towards the coast and becomes reorganised near the region of coastal convergence associated with the land breeze. The convection then moves offshore in the form of a squall line at  ∼ 5 ms−1. In addition, cool anomalies associated with gravity waves generated by precipitating land convection propagate offshore at a dry hydrostatic gravity wave speed (of  ∼ 15 ms−1) and act to destabilise the coastal/offshore environment prior to the arrival of the squall line. Although the gravity wave does not appear to initiate the convection or control its propagation, it should contribute to its longevity and maintenance. The results highlight the importance of terrain and coastal effects along with gravity waves in contributing to the diurnal cycle over the Maritime Continent, especially the offshore precipitation maxima adjacent to quasi-linear coastlines.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380019993270072856","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. E. E. Hassim"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945768326657","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. P. Lane"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262945768326784","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. W. Grabowski"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"16807324"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-01-18","prism:volume":"16","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"161","prism:endingPage":"175"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/16/161/2016/acp-16-161-2016.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2016-01-27","modifiedAt":"2025-02-08","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025429444716672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Tropospheric Winds over West Sumatra and Its Variability Associated with Various Climate and Weather Modes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286996579073536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Environmental Conditions for Nighttime Offshore Migration of Precipitation Area as Revealed by In Situ Observation off Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865716298112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climatological characteristics of nocturnal eastward‐propagating diurnal precipitation peak over South India during summer monsoon: Role of monsoon low‐level circulation and gravity waves"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168766275840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Observed in the Western Coastal Area of Sumatra Island: Offshore Preconditioning by Gravity Waves"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707357309696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal to Intraseasonal Precipitation Variation Around the Northwestern Coast of Luzon Island: Results From YMC‐BSM 2018 Field Campaign"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390572633001659008","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Propagation of Convective Systems Associated with Early Morning Precipitation and Different Northerly Background Winds over Western Java"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"ジャワ島西部における早朝降水に伴う対流システムの伝搬と異なる北寄りの背景風"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390581766248779520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Precipitation Diurnal Cycle over Tropical Coastal Regions Represented in Climate Experiments with a Global Cloud-System Resolving Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390845702328408064","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Role of Coastal Convection to Moisture Buildup during the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317019185792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal cycle over a coastal area of the Maritime Continent as derived by special networked soundings over Jakarta during HARIMAU2010"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-161-2016"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2022-005_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/atmos14101521_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/mwr-d-18-0412.1_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2019-065_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/met.2106_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/mwr-d-16-0468.1_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0216-3_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/sola.2024-020_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022gl098519_references_DOI_LMycjI7Arn8LHawwJZa1NdVSblo"}]}