{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946042687744.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1418646112"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1418646112"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1418646112"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Gracility of the modern<i>Homo sapiens</i>skeleton is the result of decreased biomechanical loading"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title><jats:p>Compared with other primates and earlier human species, contemporary humans possess relatively lightly built skeletons. Previous studies suggest that skeletal gracility results from a lack of physical activity because of increased reliance on culture, is a biomechanical consequence of bipedal locomotion, or reflects systemic physiological differences between modern humans and other primates. We found that bone strength in the hip joint of human foragers is comparable to similarly sized nonhuman primates, and is significantly more robust than sedentary agriculturalists. These results conclusively demonstrate the utility of trabecular bone structure for differentiating activity and mobility patterns among prehistoric hominins and reveal that low levels of physical activity contribute to reduced bone strength, and consequently increased fracture risk, in contemporary human populations.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262946042687745","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Timothy M. Ryan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Anthropology,"},{"@value":"Center for Quantitative Imaging, EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262946042687744","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Colin N. Shaw"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution Research Group,"},{"@value":"McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, and"},{"@value":"Cambridge BioTomography Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QG, United Kingdom"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00278424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10916490"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-12-22","prism:volume":"112","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"372","prism:endingPage":"377"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/userlicense.xhtml"],"url":[{"@id":"http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1418646112"},{"@id":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1418646112"}],"createdAt":"2014-12-23","modifiedAt":"2024-06-06","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050023627020946304","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Genomic imputation of ancient Asian populations contrasts local adaptation in pre- and post-agricultural Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760784780288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Femoral ontogeny in humans and great apes and its implications for their last common ancestor"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707064286336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Does trabecular bone structure within the metacarpal heads of primates vary with hand posture?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182041004928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The SKX 1084 hominin patella from Swartkrans Member 2, South Africa: An integrated analysis of its outer morphology and inner structure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567190557572096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mammalian bone palaeohistology: a survey and new data with emphasis on island forms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390861880807908224","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Identification of functionally related adaptations in the trabecular network of the proximal femur and tibia of a bipedally trained Japanese macaque"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.1418646112"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1537/ase.2307142_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.110050_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.crpv.2016.10.002_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7717/peerj.1358_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-018-20410-4_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.crpv.2018.06.002_references_DOI_aAeIMyh89SxeoXHO74ShltRbFOe"}]}