{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946341806976.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A two-layer approach to modelling the transformation of dilute pyroclastic currents into dense pyroclastic flows"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Most models of volcanic ash flows assume that the flow is either dilute or dense, with dynamics dominated by fluid turbulence or particle collisions, respectively. However, most naturally occurring flows feature both of these end members. To this end, a two-layer model for the formation of dense pyroclastic basal flows from dilute, collapsing volcanic eruption columns is presented. Depth-averaged, constant temperature, continuum conservation equations to describe the collapsing dilute current are derived. A dense basal flow is then considered to form at the base of this current owing to sedimentation of particles and is modelled as a granular avalanche of constant density. We present results which show that the two-layer model can predict much larger maximum runouts than would be expected from single-layer models, based on either dilute or dense conditions, as the dilute surge can outrun the dense granular flow, or vice versa, depending on conditions.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262946341806978","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Emma E. Doyle"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Joint Centre for Disaster Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand"},{"@value":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262946341806977","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew J. Hogg"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382262946341806976","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heidy M. Mader"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"13645021"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14712946"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"The Royal Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-11-17","prism:volume":"467","prism:number":"2129","prism:startingPage":"1348","prism:endingPage":"1371"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"},{"@id":"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"}],"createdAt":"2010-11-18","modifiedAt":"2021-02-19","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182296126336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The run-out distance of large-scale pyroclastic density currents: A two-layer depth-averaged model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390292958815219968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Applicability of numerical two-layer depth-averaged models for pyroclastic density currents to powder snow avalanches: Toward developing a unified model for powder snow avalanches and pyroclastic density currents"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"煙型雪崩に対する二層火砕流数値モデルの応用可能性：雪崩・火砕流の統一モデル構築に向けて"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151841916390400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A numerical shallow-water model for gravity currents for a wide range of density differences"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1098/rspa.2010.0402"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-017-0120-2_references_DOI_CV1zrlRHeVtWzqiesI0WT19k9ZB"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5331/seppyo.84.4_323_references_DOI_CV1zrlRHeVtWzqiesI0WT19k9ZB"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.03.013_references_DOI_CV1zrlRHeVtWzqiesI0WT19k9ZB"}]}