Developing a standardized definition of ecosystem collapse for risk assessment

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  • Lucie M Bland
    School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Australia
  • Jessica A Rowland
    School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Australia
  • Tracey J Regan
    School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia
  • David A Keith
    Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Kensington Australia
  • Nicholas J Murray
    Centre for Ecosystem Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Kensington Australia
  • Rebecca E Lester
    Centre for Rural and Regional Futures Deakin University Waurn Ponds Australia
  • Matt Linn
    School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Australia
  • Jon Paul Rodríguez
    Centro de Ecología Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Caracas Venezuela
  • Emily Nicholson
    School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Australia

説明

<jats:p>The International Union for Conservation of Nature (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IUCN</jats:styled-content>) Red List of Ecosystems is a powerful tool for classifying threatened ecosystems, informing ecosystem management, and assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse (that is, the endpoint of ecosystem degradation). These risk assessments require explicit definitions of ecosystem collapse, which are currently challenging to implement. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, we systematically review evidence for ecosystem collapses reported in two contrasting biomes – marine pelagic ecosystems and terrestrial forests. Most studies define states of ecosystem collapse quantitatively, but few studies adequately describe initial ecosystem states or ecological transitions leading to collapse. On the basis of our review, we offer four recommendations for defining ecosystem collapse in risk assessments: (1) qualitatively defining initial and collapsed states, (2) describing collapse and recovery transitions, (3) identifying and selecting indicators of collapse, and (4) setting quantitative collapse thresholds.</jats:p>

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