{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893673478016.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2015gl067312"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015GL067312"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015GL067312"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2015GL067312"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015GL067312"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015GL067312"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A new source of the midlatitude ionospheric peak density structure revealed by a new Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere model"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The newly developed Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere (IP) model has revealed neutral winds as a primary source of the “third‐peak” density structure in the daytime global ionosphere that has been observed by the low‐latitude ionospheric sensor network GPS total electron content measurements over South America. This third peak is located near −30° magnetic latitude and is clearly separate from the conventional twin equatorial ionization anomaly peaks. The IP model reproduces the global electron density structure as observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC mission. The model reveals that the third peak is mainly created by the prevailing neutral meridional wind, which flows from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere lifting the plasma along magnetic field lines to higher altitudes where recombination is slower. The same prevailing wind that increases the midlatitude density decreases the low‐latitude density in the summer hemisphere by counteracting the equatorial fountain flow. The longitudinal variation of the three‐peak structure is explained by the displacement between the geographic and geomagnetic equators.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478022","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Naomi Maruyama"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478017","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yang‐Yi Sun"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478018","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Phillip G. Richards"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478021","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jacques Middlecoff"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Global Systems Division National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478020","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tzu‐Wei Fang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478016","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Timothy J. Fuller‐Rowell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado at Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"},{"@value":"Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478019","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rashid A. Akmaev"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  Boulder Colorado USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478024","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jaun‐Yeng Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673478023","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cesar E. Valladares"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Scientific Research Boston College  Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-03-28","prism:volume":"43","prism:number":"6","prism:startingPage":"2429","prism:endingPage":"2435"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015GL067312"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015GL067312"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2015GL067312"},{"@id":"http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015GL067312"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015GL067312"}],"createdAt":"2016-02-02","modifiedAt":"2023-09-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183247379712","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Response of the Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Coupling to the September 2017 Storm: What Erodes the Plasmasphere so Severely?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050588892090761344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"El Niño–Southern Oscillation efect on ionospheric tidal/SPW amplitude in 2007– 2015 FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC observations"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2015gl067312"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002168_references_DOI_9pGqrOIfgjrQ9oHNm5dt7tzGLc1"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-019-1009-7_references_DOI_9pGqrOIfgjrQ9oHNm5dt7tzGLc1"}]}