{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893673932032.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2004gc000824"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004GC000824"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004GC000824"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"FOZO, HIMU, and the rest of the mantle zoo"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The parameter μ describes the <jats:sup>238</jats:sup>U/<jats:sup>204</jats:sup>Pb ratio of an Earth reservoir. Mantle domains labeled HIMU (high μ) originally defined reservoirs with highly radiogenic Pb isotope ratios observed in basalts from a select number of ocean islands, St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean and the Cook‐Austral islands in the South Pacific Ocean. While some authors use the term HIMU in this original sense, others refer to HIMU as a widespread component in many mid‐ocean ridge and ocean island basalt (MORB and OIB) sources. Here we show that highly radiogenic Pb isotope signatures in MORB and OIB originate from two different sources. In addition to the classical HIMU component observed at St. Helena and the South Pacific (named HIMU in the following), we define a component with slightly less radiogenic Pb but significantly more radiogenic Sr isotope signatures. This component lies at the extension of the (Atlantic and Pacific) MORB array in a Sr‐Pb isotope ratio diagram and is argued to be a ubiquitous component in MORB and many OIB sources. The inferred role of this component in the mantle and its inferred genetic origin closely resemble those originally suggested for a mantle component termed FOZO by Hart and coworkers. By redefining the composition, the origin, and the role of FOZO in the mantle, we establish a simple conceptual framework that explains the isotopic variability in both MORB and OIB with the lowest number of components. OIB are grouped into HIMU‐type OIB and basalts from islands that diverge from the MORB‐FOZO array toward various isotopically “enriched” compositions (EM). The apparent ubiquity of FOZO in the mantle and the calculated isotopic evolution of compositionally diverse MORB suggest that normal mantle melting and continuous subduction and aging of that crust during recycling through the mantle are the dominant causes of the MORB‐FOZO array. In contrast to FOZO, HIMU‐type OIB are quite rare, and if an origin by recycling of oceanic crust is also postulated, the production of HIMU sources has to be a special and rare combination of age and composition of subduction‐modified recycled oceanic crust.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673932033","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andreas Stracke"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemie  Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673932034","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Albrecht W. Hofmann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemie  Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893673932032","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stan R. Hart"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15252027"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15252027"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-05","prism:volume":"6","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"Q05007"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2004GC000824"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2004GC000824"}],"createdAt":"2005-05-18","modifiedAt":"2023-10-12","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215857590272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Melt inclusion Pb-isotope analysis by LA–MC-ICPMS: Assessment of analytical performance and application to OIB genesis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215857662720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemistry of lavas from maar-bearing volcanoes in the Oku Volcanic Group of the Cameroon Volcanic Line"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215942218752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Isotopic heterogeneity of oceanic, arc and continental basalts and its implications for mantle dynamics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215942323584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A comparative review of petrogenetic processes beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line: Geochemical constraints"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690285927040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Trace element and Pb–B–Li isotope systematics of olivine-hosted melt inclusions: insights into source metasomatism beneath Stromboli (southern Italy)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690834435072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clinopyroxene and bulk rock Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotope compositions of Raivavae ocean island basalts: Does clinopyroxene record early stage magma chamber processes?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704778492416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Re‐Os isotope and platinum group elements of a FOcal ZOne mantle source, <scp>L</scp>ouisville Seamounts Chain, <scp>P</scp>acific ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285704780220672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemical variations in Japan Sea back‐arc basin basalts formed by high‐temperature adiabatic melting of mantle metasomatized by sediment subduction components"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708263289984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemical characteristics and origin of the HIMU reservoir: A possible mantle plume source in the lower mantle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286991711413504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identifying volatile mantle trend with the water–fluorine–cerium systematics of basaltic glass"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643710874880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High–μ signature in lavas of Mt. Oku: Implications for lithospheric and asthenospheric contributions to the magmatism of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (West Africa)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643730344704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemical Diversity in the Mantle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302864796231424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Deciphering Deep Mantle Processes from Isotopic and Highly Siderophile Element Compositions of Mantle‐Derived Rocks: Prospects and Limitations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565165890602624","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Isotope evolution in the HIMU reservoir beneath St. Helena: Implications for the mantle recycling of U and Th"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567179756979584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Missing western half of the <scp>P</scp>acific <scp>P</scp>late: Geochemical nature of the <scp>I</scp>zanagi‐<scp>P</scp>acific <scp>R</scp>idge interaction with a stationary boundary between the <scp>I</scp>ndian and <scp>P</scp>acific mantles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181183646976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geochemical diversity in submarine HIMU basalts from Austral Islands, French Polynesia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588379392413568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A HIMU-like component in Mariana Convergent Margin magma sources during initial arc rifting revealed by melt inclusions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846639280483200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Origin of geochemical mantle components: Role of subduction filter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640787854464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Thallium isotope systematics in volcanic rocks from St. Helena – Constraints on the origin of the HIMU reservoir"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656981099776","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"N, Ar and Pb isotopic co-variations in magmatic minerals: Discriminating fractionation processes from magmatic sources in Monteregian Hills, Québec, 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arcs"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"メルト-かんらん岩反応：海嶺・海洋島・島弧マグマの成因に果たす役割"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"メルトー カンランガン ハンノウ : カイレイ ・ カイヨウトウ ・ トウコ マグマ ノ セイイン ニ ハタス ヤクワリ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206525459328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Cenozoic alkaline volcanisms and mantle dynamics in eastern margin of Eurasian continent"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"ユーラシア大陸東縁部の新生代背弧域火山活動"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ユーラシア タイリク トウエンブ ノ シンセイダイ ハイ コイキ カザン カツドウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679529392768","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Lithium abundance and isotope composition of Logudoro basalts, Sardinia: Origin of light Li 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