{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893889802240.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1089/dia.2011.0083"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1089/dia.2011.0083"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/dia.2011.0083"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Does the Fat-Protein Meal Increase Postprandial Glucose Level in Type 1 Diabetes Patients on Insulin Pump: The Conclusion of a Randomized Study"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study examines the hypothesis that in addition to sugar starch-type diet, a fat-protein meal elevates postprandial glycemia as well, and it should be included in calculated prandial insulin dose accordingly. The goal was to determine the impact of the inclusion of fat-protein nutrients in the general algorithm for the mealtime insulin dose calculator on 6-h postprandial glycemia.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 26 screened type 1 diabetes patients using an insulin pump, 24 were randomly assigned to an experimental Group A and to a control Group B. Group A received dual-wave insulin boluses for their pizza dinner, consisting of 45 g/180 kcal of carbohydrates and 400 kcal from fat-protein where the insulin dose was calculated using the following algorithm:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic>\n                      Carbohydrate Units×ICR+\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic>\n                      Fat-Protein Units×ICR/6 h (standard+extended insulin boluses), where ICR represents the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio. For the control Group B, the algorithm used was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic>\n                      Carbohydrate Units×ICR. The glucose, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations were evaluated before the meal and at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min postprandial.\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no statistically significant differences involving patients' metabolic control, C-peptide, glucagon secretion, or duration of diabetes between Group A and B. In Group A the significant glucose increment occurred at 120–360 min, with its maximum at 240 min: 60.2 versus −3.0 mg/dL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P</jats:italic>\n                      =0.04), respectively. There were no significant differences in glucagon and C-peptide concentrations postprandial.\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed meal effectively elevates postprandial glycemia after 4–6 h. Dual-wave insulin bolus, in which insulin is calculated for both the carbohydrates and fat proteins, is effective in controlling postprandial glycemia.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893889802241","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ewa Pańkowska"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of the Mother and Child"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893889802242","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marlena Błazik"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of the Mother and Child"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825893889802240","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lidia Groele"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Warsaw Medical University"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15209156"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15578593"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"SAGE Publications"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-01","prism:volume":"14","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"16","prism:endingPage":"22"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1089/dia.2011.0083"},{"@id":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/dia.2011.0083"}],"createdAt":"2011-10-20","modifiedAt":"2026-03-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205746605184","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION THERAPY"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"CSII (Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion) 療法とは"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"CSII(Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion)リョウホウ トワ"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1089/dia.2011.0083"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.14789/pjmj.58.485_references_DOI_77DMpzUq7ot8sQ8MRfzrY1gJ2Mn"}]}