{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894484561024.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1523/jneurosci.3983-04.2005"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3983-04.2005"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Presynaptic Na<sup>+</sup>Channels: Locus, Development, and Recovery from Inactivation at a High-Fidelity Synapse"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channel recovery from inactivation limits the maximal rate of neuronal firing. However, the properties of presynaptic Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channels are not well established because of the small size of most CNS boutons. Here we study the Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>currents of the rat calyx of Held terminal and compare them with those of postsynaptic cells. We find that presynaptic Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>currents recover from inactivation with a fast, single-exponential time constant (24°C, τ of 1.4-1.8 ms; 35°C, τ of 0.5 ms), and their inactivation rate accelerates twofold during development, which may contribute to the shortening of the action potential as the terminal matures. In contrast, recordings from postsynaptic cells in brainstem slices, and acutely dissociated, reveal that their Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>currents recover from inactivation with a double-exponential time course (τ<jats:sub>fast</jats:sub>of 1.2-1.6 ms; τ<jats:sub>slow</jats:sub>of 80-125 ms; 24°C). Surprisingly, confocal immunofluorescence revealed that Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channels are mostly absent from the calyx terminal but are instead highly concentrated in an unusually long (≈20-40 μm) unmyelinated axonal heminode. Outside-out patch recordings confirmed this segregation. Expression of Na<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>1.6 α-subunit increased during development, whereas the Na<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>1.2α-subunit was not present. Serial EM reconstructions also revealed a long pre-calyx heminode, and biophysical modeling showed that exclusion of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channels from the calyx terminal produces an action potential waveform with a shorter half-width. We propose that the high density and polarized locus of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channels on a long heminode are critical design features that allow the mature calyx of Held terminal to fire reliably at frequencies near 1 kHz.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024193","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ricardo M. Leão"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024194","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Christopher Kushmerick"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024196","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Raphael Pinaud"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024199","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Robert Renden"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024192","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Geng-Lin Li"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024197","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Holger Taschenberger"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024198","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"George Spirou"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024195","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Rock Levinson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380861292232024200","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Henrique von Gersdorff"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"02706474"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15292401"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Journal of Neuroscience"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Society for Neuroscience"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-04-06","prism:volume":"25","prism:number":"14","prism:startingPage":"3724","prism:endingPage":"3738"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3983-04.2005"}],"createdAt":"2005-04-06","modifiedAt":"2024-01-24","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050003824938258048","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Frequency-Dependent Block of Excitatory Neurotransmission by Isoflurane via Dual Presynaptic Mechanisms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004235508726656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Generation of resonance‐dependent oscillation by <scp>mG</scp>lu<scp>R</scp>‐<scp>I</scp> activation switches single spiking to bursting in mesencephalic trigeminal sensory neurons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168323879296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Roles of axonal sodium channels in precise auditory time coding at nucleus magnocellularis of the chick"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181498795008","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Excitability tuning of axons in the central nervous system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182350148480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Control of Inhibitory Synaptic Outputs by Low Excitability of Axon Terminals Revealed by Direct Recording"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848655009141888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Analysis of Neuro‐Neuronal Synapses Using Embryonic Chick Ciliary Ganglion via Single‐Axon Tracing, Electrophysiology, and Optogenetic Techniques"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658398527488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Underpinning heterogeneity in synaptic transmission by presynaptic ensembles of distinct morphological modules"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131644167905536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Excitability Tuning of Axons by Afterdepolarization"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1523/jneurosci.3983-04.2005"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/ejn.12858_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1113/jphysiol.2008.162651_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s12576-015-0415-2_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/cpns.64_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-019-08452-2_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.013_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1523/jneurosci.2946-19.2020_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/fncel.2019.00407_references_DOI_4IacCSuGnUtuQvMZ1fAKBaMpLRw"}]}