{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894610902016.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2015jb011882"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015JB011882"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015JB011882"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2015JB011882"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015JB011882"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Ocean tide loading displacements in western Europe: 1. Validation of kinematic GPS estimates"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>GPS has been extensively used to estimate tidal ground displacements, but the accuracy of this has not been systematically verified. Using more than 20 sites distributed across western Europe, we show that postprocessed kinematic precise point positioning GPS with appropriately tuned process noise constraints is capable of recovering synthetic tidal displacements inserted into real data, with a typical accuracy of 0.2 mm depending on the time series noise. The kinematic method does not result in erroneous propagation of signals from one coordinate component to another or to the simultaneously estimated tropospheric delay parameters. It is robust to the likely effects of day‐to‐day equipment and reference frame changes, and to outages in the data. A minimum data span of 4 years with at least 70% availability is recommended. Finally, we show that the method of reducing apparent coordinate time series noise by constraining the tropospheric delay to values previously estimated in static batch GPS analysis, in fact, results in the suppression of true tidal signals. Using our kinematic GPS analysis approach, periodic displacements can be reliably observed at the 0.2 mm level, which is suitable for the testing and refinement of ocean tide and solid Earth response models.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894610902019","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nigel T. Penna"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894610902017","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Peter J. Clarke"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894610902016","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Machiel S. Bos"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute D. Luis Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilhã Portugal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894610902018","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Trevor F. Baker"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Oceanography Centre  Liverpool UK"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699313"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699356"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-09","prism:volume":"120","prism:number":"9","prism:startingPage":"6523","prism:endingPage":"6539"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2015JB011882"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015JB011882"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2015JB011882"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2015JB011882"}],"createdAt":"2015-08-14","modifiedAt":"2023-09-08","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307416982638848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spatial and temporal characteristics of optimum process noise values of tropospheric parameters for kinematic analysis of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sites in Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2015jb011882"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-016-0578-y_references_DOI_IKZVe8hsf0FtKRsONojzAhVKwbk"}]}