{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894890146304.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2014gl061353"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2014GL061353"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2014GL061353"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Travel time classification of extreme solar events: Two families and an outlier"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Extreme solar events are of great interest because of the extensive damage that could be experienced by technological systems such as electrical transformers during such periods. In studying geophysical phenomena, it is helpful to have a quantitative measure of event strength so that similar events can be intercompared. Such a measure also allows the calculation of the occurrence rates of events with varying strength. We use historical fast travel time solar events to develop a measure of strength based on the Sun‐Earth trip time. We find that these fast events can be grouped into two distinct families with one even faster outlier. That outlier is not the Carrington event of 1859 but the extremely intense solar particle event of August 1972.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142766292992","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. J. Freed"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894890146304","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. T. Russell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-10-07","prism:volume":"41","prism:number":"19","prism:startingPage":"6590","prism:endingPage":"6594"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2014GL061353"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2014GL061353"}],"createdAt":"2014-09-19","modifiedAt":"2023-09-02","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865717719680","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576215815157248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal Variations of the Three Geomagnetic Field Components at Colaba Observatory around the Carrington Storm in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846645716310400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long-lasting Extreme Magnetic Storm Activities in 1770 Found in Historical Documents"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593768399488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme solar and geomagnetic storms on 1940 March 20–25"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2014gl061353"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4_references_DOI_5SDc7Z5lW3yB3njwl2qwgxBpLzD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1_references_DOI_5SDc7Z5lW3yB3njwl2qwgxBpLzD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac2601_references_DOI_5SDc7Z5lW3yB3njwl2qwgxBpLzD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/2041-8213/aa9661_references_DOI_5SDc7Z5lW3yB3njwl2qwgxBpLzD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stab3615_references_DOI_5SDc7Z5lW3yB3njwl2qwgxBpLzD"}]}