{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894945361792.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2018sw002024"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018SW002024"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018SW002024"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"On the Little‐Known Consequences of the 4 August 1972 Ultra‐Fast Coronal Mass Ejecta: Facts, Commentary, and Call to Action"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Today the extreme space weather events of early August 1972 are discussed as benchmarks for Sun‐Earth transit times of solar ejecta (14.6 hr) and for solar energetic particle fluxes (10 MeV ion flux >70,000 cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>·s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>·sr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). Although the magnetic storm index, Dst, dipped to only −125 nT, the magnetopause was observed within 5.2 R<jats:sub>E</jats:sub> and the plasmapause within 2 R<jats:sub>E</jats:sub>. Widespread electric‐ and communication‐grid disturbances plagued North America late on 4 August. There was an additional effect, long buried in the Vietnam War archives that add credence to the severity of the storm impact: a nearly instantaneous, unintended detonation of dozens of sea mines south of Hai Phong, North Vietnam on 4 August 1972. The U.S. Navy attributed the dramatic event to <jats:italic>magnetic perturbations of solar storms</jats:italic>. Herein we discuss how such a finding is broadly consistent with terrestrial effects and technological impacts of the 4 August 1972 event and the propagation of major eruptive activity from the Sun to the Earth. We also provide insight into the solar, geophysical, and military circumstances of this extraordinary situation. In our view this storm deserves a scientific revisit as a grand challenge for the space weather community, as it provides space‐age terrestrial observations of what was likely a Carrington‐class storm.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894945361792","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Delores J. Knipp"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"},{"@value":"High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894945361794","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Brian J. Fraser"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Centre for Space Physics University of Newcastle  Newcastle NSW Australia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894945361795","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. A. Shea"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Retired from Air Force Research Laboratory"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825894945361793","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. F. Smart"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Retired from Air Force Research Laboratory"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15427390"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15427390"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Space Weather"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-11","prism:volume":"16","prism:number":"11","prism:startingPage":"1635","prism:endingPage":"1643"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018SW002024"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018SW002024"}],"createdAt":"2018-10-25","modifiedAt":"2023-09-15","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050289765030213504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Intensity and Evolution of the Extreme Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 1938 January"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050852714969396096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1941 February/March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050852714976575104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Candidate Auroral Observations Indicating a Major Solar–Terrestrial Storm in 1680: Implication for Space Weather Events during the Maunder Minimum"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865541545216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865717719680","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181388053120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Celestial Sign in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 770s: Insights on Contemporary Solar Activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360582948520100096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Solar events and solar wind conditions associated with intense geomagnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360849943104060032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593768399488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme solar and geomagnetic storms on 1940 March 20–25"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018sw002024"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abc427_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abb772_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-023-01843-2_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/acc6cc_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11207-019-1424-8_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abb3c2_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002269_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stab3615_references_DOI_TycAv08hQ4Od9MP0ronEOIyYSex"}]}