{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895100334336.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-11-024.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/69/4/1317/3627574/jas-d-11-024_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Convective Momentum Transport by Rainbands within a Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Global Nonhydrostatic Model with Explicit Deep Convective Processes. Part I: Methodology and General Results"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The convective momentum transport (CMT) properties of 13 215 rainbands within a Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event simulated by a global nonhydrostatic model are examined. CMT vectors, which represent horizontal accelerations to the mean winds due to momentum flux convergences of deviation winds, are derived for each rainband. The CMT vectors are composited according to their locations relative to the MJO center.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>While a similar number of rainbands are detected in the eastern and western halves of the MJO convective envelope, CMT vectors with large zonal components are most plentiful between 0° and 20° to the west of the MJO center. The zonal components of the CMT vectors exhibit a coherent directionality and have a well-organized three-layer structure: positive near the surface, negative in the low to midtroposphere, and positive in the upper troposphere. In the low to midtroposphere, where the longitudinal difference in the mean zonal wind across the MJO is 10 m s−1 on average, the net acceleration due to CMT contributes about −16 m s−1.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Possible roles of the CMT are proposed. First, the CMT delays the eastward progress of the low- to midtroposphere westerly wind, hence delaying the eastward migration of the convectively favorable region and reducing the propagation speed of the entire MJO. Second, the CMT tilts the MJO flow structure westward with height. Furthermore, the CMT counteracts the momentum transport due to large-scale flows that result from the tilted structure.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334340","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tomoki Miyakawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334339","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yukari N. Takayabu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334337","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tomoe Nasuno"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334338","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroaki Miura"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Chiba, and Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334341","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masaki Satoh"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Chiba, and Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895100334336","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mitchell W. Moncrieff"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-03-30","prism:volume":"69","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"1317","prism:endingPage":"1338"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/69/4/1317/3627574/jas-d-11-024_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2011-12-09","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229809165440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Initiation Processes of the Tropical Intraseasonal Variability Simulated in an Aqua‐Planet Experiment: What is the Intrinsic 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Structure in Convection"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"対流のメソ構造における形態-機能関係性に向けて"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680199065216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Topographical Effects on Internally Produced MJO-Like Disturbances in an Aqua-Planet Version of NICAM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282763068923392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"全球非静力学モデルを用いた準実時間予測計算システムの構築とJAMSTEC集中観測における実利用"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Construction of near real-time forecast system using global nonhydrostatic model and actual uses at JAMSTEC intensive observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842089639168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The 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