{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895219660672.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/1999jd900046"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JD900046"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JD900046"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Prediction of the number of cloud droplets in the ECHAM GCM"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>In this paper a prognostic equation for the number of cloud droplets (CDNC) is introduced into the ECHAM general circulation model. The initial CDNC is based on the mechanistic model of <jats:italic>Chuang and Penner</jats:italic> [1995], providing a more realistical prediction of CDNC than the empirical method previously used. Cloud droplet nucleation is parameterized as a function of total aerosol number concentration, updraft velocity, and a shape parameter, which takes the aerosol composition and size distribution into account. The total number of aerosol particles is obtained as the sum of marine sulfate aerosols produced from dimethyl sulfide, hydrophylic organic and black carbon, submicron dust, and sea‐salt aerosols. Anthropogenic sulfate aerosols only add mass to the preexisting aerosols but do not form new particles. The simulated annual mean liquid water path, column CDNC, and effective radius agree well with observations, as does the frequency distributions of column CDNC for clouds over oceans and the variations of cloud optical depth with effective radius.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895219660674","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ulrike Lohmann"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895219660675","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Johann Feichter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895219660672","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Catherine C. Chuang"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895219660673","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joyce E. Penner"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1999-04","prism:volume":"104","prism:number":"D8","prism:startingPage":"9169","prism:endingPage":"9198"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JD900046"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JD900046"}],"createdAt":"2002-09-17","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142617280896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global aerosol simulations using NICAM.16 on a 14 km grid spacing for a climate study: improved and remaining issues  relative to a lower-resolution model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283696096345728","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of a parameterization of black carbon aging for use in general circulation models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286993150557952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757411718912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Parameterization and Explicit Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302866843044480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of a double-moment bulk cloud microphysics scheme (NDW6-G23) on aerosol fields in NICAM.19 with a global 14 km grid resolution"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567685402368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High Sensitivity of Arctic Black Carbon Radiative Effects to Subgrid Vertical Velocity in Aerosol Activation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266981897984","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global and Arctic effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic gases and aerosols in MRI-ESM2.0"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/1999jd900046"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-13-3731-2020_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-6-263-2013_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019ms001689_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s00376-022-2077-3_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmd-17-651-2024_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/gmdd-5-1263-2012_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020gl088978_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00348-w_references_DOI_OuvwXqPRir262HHu4h8lnSYjX46"}]}