{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895777044608.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1190/1.3457445"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/75/5/75A195/3220188/gsgpy_75_5_75A195.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Tutorial on seismic interferometry: Part 1 — Basic principles and applications"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seismic interferometry involves the crosscorrelation of responses at different receivers to obtain the Green's function between these receivers. For the simple situation of an impulsive plane wave propagating along the x-axis, the crosscorrelation of the responses at two receivers along the x-axis gives the Green's function of the direct wave between these receivers. When the source function of the plane wave is a transient (as in exploration seismology) or a noise signal (as in passive seismology), then the crosscorrelation gives the Green's function, convolved with the autocorrelation of the source function. Direct-wave interferometry also holds for 2D and 3D situations, assuming the receivers are surrounded by a uniform distribution of sources. In this case, the main contributions to the retrieved direct wave between the receivers come from sources in Fresnel zones around stationary points. The main application of direct-wave interferometry is theretrieval of seismic surface-wave responses from ambient noise and the subsequent tomographic determination of the surface-wave velocity distribution of the subsurface. Seismic interferometry is not restricted to retrieving direct waves between receivers. In a classic paper, Claerbout shows that the autocorrelation of the transmission response of a layered medium gives the plane-wave reflection response of that medium. This is essentially 1D reflected-wave interferometry. Similarly, the crosscorrelation of the transmission responses, observed at two receivers, of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium gives the 3D reflection response of that medium. One of the main applications of reflected-wave interferometry is retrieving the seismic reflection response from ambient noise and imaging of the reflectors in the subsurface. A common aspect of direct- and reflected-wave interferometry is that virtual sources are created at positions where there are only receivers without requiring knowledge of the subsurface medium parameters or of the positions of the actual sources.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895777044609","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kees Wapenaar"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Delft University of Technology, Department of Geotechnology, Delft, The Netherlands. E-mail: c.p.a.wapenaar@tudelft.nl; d.s.draganov@tudelft.nl."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895777044608","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Deyan Draganov"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Delft University of Technology, Department of Geotechnology, Delft, The Netherlands. E-mail: c.p.a.wapenaar@tudelft.nl; d.s.draganov@tudelft.nl."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895777044481","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roel Snieder"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"2Colorado School of Mines, Center for Wave Phenomena, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A. E-mail: rsnieder@mines.edu."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895777044480","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Xander Campman"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"3Shell International Exploration and Production, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. E-mail: xander.campman@shell.com; arie.verdel@gmail.com."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895777044610","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Arie Verdel"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"3Shell International Exploration and Production, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. E-mail: xander.campman@shell.com; arie.verdel@gmail.com."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19422156"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00168033"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2010-01-01","prism:volume":"75","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"75A195","prism:endingPage":"75A209"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/75/5/75A195/3220188/gsgpy_75_5_75A195.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2010-09-15","modifiedAt":"2025-12-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216709047552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimating near‐surface shear wave velocities in Japan by applying seismic interferometry to KiK‐net data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692533077376","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Single-station cross-correlation analysis of ambient seismic noise: application to stations in the surroundings of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298755629089536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stabilization of the<i>S</i>-to-<i>P</i>Energy Ratio of a Diffuse Wavefield from Reflections at Free Surfaces"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904421443328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spectral characteristics of seismic ambient vibrations reveal changes in the subglacial environment of Glacier de la Plaine Morte, Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204304201728","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地震波干渉法"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Seismic Interferometry (1) Historical Development and Principles"},{"@value":"地震波干渉法(その1)歴史的経緯と原理"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ジシンハ カンショウホウ(ソノ 1)レキシテキ ケイイ ト ゲンリ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206495136512","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地震波干渉法を用いた近地自然地震Pコーダ波による地殻構造探査"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Subsurface exploration with P-coda of local earthquakes using seismic interferometry"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"ジシンハ カンショウホウ オ モチイタ キン チ シゼン ジシン Pコーダハ ニ ヨル チカク コウゾウ タンサ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680330582912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"APPLICATION OF DECONVOLUTION INTERFEROMETRY TO AN INFRAGRAVITY WAVE FIELD"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"Deconvolution法を用いた長周期波の水位波形推定法に関する研究"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050870367070982400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Real-time crustal monitoring system of Japanese Islands based on spatio-temporal seismic velocity variation"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1190/1.3457445"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2011jb008595_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.4294/zisin.68.75_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/gji/ggu115_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1785/0120210283_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/tc-19-1469-2025_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3124/segj.69.249_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-1147-y_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2208/jscejoe.67.i_897_references_DOI_O0B9uJZjy4qLlQE2IOhvhketExW"}]}