{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895982884992.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-16-0135.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/74/4/1249/4757620/jas-d-16-0135_1.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Tropospheric Turbulence over the Tropical Open Ocean: Role of Gravity Waves"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A large set of soundings obtained in the Indian Ocean during three field campaigns is used to provide statistical characteristics of tropospheric turbulence and its link with gravity wave (GW) activity. The Thorpe method is used to diagnose turbulent regions of a few hundred meters depth. Above the mixed layer, turbulence frequency varies from ~10% in the lower troposphere up to ~30% around 12-km height. GWs are captured by their signature in horizontal wind, normalized temperature, and balloon vertical ascent rate. These parameters emphasize different parts of the wave spectrum from longer to shorter vertical wavelengths. Composites are constructed in order to reveal the vertical structure of the waves and their link with turbulence. The relatively longer-wavelength GWs described by their signature in temperature (GWTs) are more active in the lower troposphere, where they are associated with clear variations in moisture. Turbulence is then associated with minimum static stability and vertical shear, stressing the importance of the former and the possibility of convective instability. Conversely, the short waves described by their signature in balloon ascent rate (GWws) are detected primarily in the upper troposphere, and their turbulence is associated with a vertical shear maximum, suggesting the importance of dynamic instability. Furthermore, GWws appear to be linked with local convection, whereas GWTs are more active in suppressed and dry phases in particular of the Madden–Julian oscillation. These waves may be associated with remote sources, such as organized convection or local fronts, such as those associated with dry-air intrusions.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567186807669517","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Bellenger"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884995","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Wilson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire Atmosphere, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Paris, France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884993","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. L. Davison"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Lower Atmosphere Research Group, Merritt Island, Florida"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884998","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. P. Duvel"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884992","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. Xu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884994","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"F. Lott"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1382825895982884997","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Katsumata"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486733","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486727","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"STRATO - LATMOS ; Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486721","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lower Atmosphere Research Group, LLC"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098057","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X) ; Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486730","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins] ; Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486720","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) ; Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098049","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cardon, Catherine"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1890865117737486723","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098053","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"STRATO - LATMOS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098050","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098056","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098058","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098054","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098055","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098051","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098059","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098052","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Atmospheric Science Fort Collins"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891147690852098048","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Colorado State University Fort Collins (CSU)"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-04-01","prism:volume":"74","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"1249","prism:endingPage":"1271"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses"],"url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jas/article-pdf/74/4/1249/4757620/jas-d-16-0135_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2017-01-19","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BPHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH%5DPhysics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Physics%20%5Bphysics.ao-ph%5D","dc:title":"[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=551","dc:title":"551"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BPHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH%5D%20Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Physics%20%5Bphysics%5D/Atmospheric%20and%20Oceanic%20Physics%20%5Bphysics.ao-ph%5D","dc:title":"[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=532","dc:title":"532"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317019185792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal cycle over a coastal area of the Maritime Continent as derived by special networked soundings over Jakarta during HARIMAU2010"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-16-0135.1"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::362653d0b231db727aa7915197987dda"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-018-0216-3_references_DOI_JwfJsb7COcd6xTKeWR1tThDLp75"}]}