{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843952415232.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2018je005560"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018JE005560"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2018JE005560"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Seasonal Variability of Neutral Escape from Mars as Derived From MAVEN Pickup Ion Observations"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft arrived at Mars with the goal of determining the rates and mechanisms of atmospheric escape. Thermal hydrogen and hot oxygen escape are the two most important escape processes currently at work. Direct measurement of the escaping neutral hydrogen and oxygen atoms is impossible with current technology due to the low density and energy of escaping neutrals. However, when ionized and picked up by the solar wind, these escaping atoms can be detected by three particle detectors onboard MAVEN. By back‐tracing the trajectories of measured pickup ions, constraints can be placed on the density of neutrals at altitudes not accessible by other measurement methods. In this work, pickup H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> data from the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP), Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA), and SupraThermal and Thermal Ion Composition (STATIC) instruments are used to assess the variability of neutral H and O exospheres at Mars. From an analysis of 2.5 Earth years of MAVEN data, we show that a strong H escape seasonal dependence is observed by SWIA and STATIC with inferred H escape rates as low as 3 × 10<jats:sup>25</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> near aphelion and as high as 4 × 10<jats:sup>26</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> near perihelion. Hot O escape rates derived from SEP, SWIA, and STATIC data imply a much less variable hot O exosphere with escape rates fluctuating by a factor of 2 around a mean value of 9 × 10<jats:sup>25</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Both escape rates are in general agreement with the most recent theoretical, modeled, and observationally inferred rates.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380576118725868807","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Rahmati"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415232","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. E. Larson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415248","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. E. Cravens"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415236","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. J. Lillis"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415237","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. S. Halekas"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415246","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. P. McFadden"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415242","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. L. Mitchell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415243","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. M. B. Thiemann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415239","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. E. P. Connerney"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt MD USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415233","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. A. Dunn"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415247","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. O. Lee"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415234","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"F. G. Eparvier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415238","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. A. DiBraccio"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt MD USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415245","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. R. Espley"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt MD USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415240","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. G. Luhmann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Sciences Laboratory University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415241","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Mazelle"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"IRAP/CNRS  Toulouse France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388843952415235","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. M. Jakosky"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699097"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699100"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-05","prism:volume":"123","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"1192","prism:endingPage":"1202"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am","http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018JE005560"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2018JE005560"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005560"}],"createdAt":"2018-04-12","modifiedAt":"2023-08-23","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050304018147207168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Magnetosonic waves in the Martian ionosphere driven by upstream proton cyclotron waves: Two-point observations by MAVEN and Mars Express"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050307746540945536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Mars system revealed by the Martian Moons eXploration mission"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282435470080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In Situ Observation of Solar-flare-induced Proton Cyclotron Waves Upstream from Mars"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567612224128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Martian Oxygen and Hydrogen Upper Atmospheres Responding to Solar and Dust Storm Drivers: Hisaki Space Telescope Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869856033467648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Technique for Retrieving the Exospheric Number Density Distribution from Pickup Ion Ring Distributions"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018je005560"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac7d4f_references_DOI_Qk0rxnnyjTpLYUoYXCxX4RO5EJZ"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116311_references_DOI_Qk0rxnnyjTpLYUoYXCxX4RO5EJZ"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01417-0_references_DOI_Qk0rxnnyjTpLYUoYXCxX4RO5EJZ"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020je006500_references_DOI_Qk0rxnnyjTpLYUoYXCxX4RO5EJZ"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/psj/ad65d4_references_DOI_Qk0rxnnyjTpLYUoYXCxX4RO5EJZ"}]}