{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844083170048.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1083/jcb.200302084"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/162/1/59/1525396/jcb162159.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Bax and Bak can localize to the endoplasmic reticulum to initiate apoptosis"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Bax and Bak play a redundant but essential role in apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors. In addition to their presence at the mitochondrial outer membrane, Bax and Bak can also localize to the ER. Agents that initiate ER stress responses can induce conformational changes and oligomerization of Bax on the ER as well as on mitochondria. In wild-type cells, this is associated with caspase 12 cleavage that is abolished in bax−/−bak−/− cells. In bax−/−bak−/− cells, introduction of Bak mutants selectively targeted to either mitochondria or the ER can induce apoptosis. However, ER-targeted, but not mitochondria-targeted, Bak leads to progressive depletion of ER Ca2+ and induces caspase 12 cleavage. In contrast, mitochondria-targeted Bak leads to enhanced caspase 7 and PARP cleavage in comparison with the ER-targeted Bak. These findings demonstrate that in addition to their functions at mitochondria, Bax and Bak also localize to the ER and function to initiate a parallel pathway of caspase activation and apoptosis.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170049","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wei-Xing Zong"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170050","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chi Li"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170052","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Georgia Hatzivassiliou"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170048","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tullia Lindsten"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170054","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Qian-Chun Yu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170051","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Junying Yuan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"3Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844083170053","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Craig B. Thompson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"1Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15408140"},{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00219525"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Journal of Cell Biology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Rockefeller University Press"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2003-07-07","prism:volume":"162","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"59","prism:endingPage":"69"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/162/1/59/1525396/jcb162159.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2003-07-07","modifiedAt":"2026-01-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217386966400","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The VDAC2–BAK axis regulates peroxisomal membrane permeability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025430188837632","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Optogenetic tools for inducing organelle membrane rupture"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691798713856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"PLEKHN1 promotes apoptosis by enhancing Bax-Bak hetro-oligomerization through interaction with Bid in human colon cancer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285711773166208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Computational modeling of apoptotic signaling pathways induced by cisplatin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846643588142592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in renal pathophysiology: Janus faces"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656268719360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Appearance of Nuclear-sorted Caspase-12 Fragments in Cerebral Cortical and Hippocampal Neurons in Rats Damaged by Autologous Blood Clot Embolic Brain Infarctions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656931052288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Polyglutamine expansion disturbs the endoplasmic reticulum formation, leading to caspase-7 activation through Bax"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204627265280","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Berberine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma T98G Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Accompanying Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dysfunction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001204634007424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Anti-apoptotic and Beneficial Metabolic Activities of Resveratrol in Type II Gaucher Disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266979743616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1083/jcb.200302084"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10157-008-0060-7_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1083/jcb.201605002_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108421_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41420-017-0006-5_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1752-0509-6-122_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2008_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10571-011-9687-0_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.114_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1248/bpb.33.1644_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1248/bpb.b14-00712_references_DOI_ZjSWCZwPOeIBtFYNFv3uegIBQoU"}]}