{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844309612928.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.154.3747.349"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.154.3747.349"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"30020490308"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Paleomagnetic Study of Antarctic Deep-Sea Cores"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@value":"Paleomagnetic study of sediments in a revolutionary method of dating events in Earth's history."}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n            The magnetic inclinations and intensities of about 650 samples from seven deep-sea cores taken in the Antarctic were measured on a spinner magnetometer. This series of measurements provided a magnetic stratigraphy, based on zones of normally or reversally polarized specimens for each core, which was then correlated with the magnetic stratigraphy of Cox\n            <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic>\n            One core (V16-134) gave a continuous record of the paleomagnetic field back to about 3.5 million years.\n          </jats:p>\n          <jats:p>When selected samples were subjected to alternating-field demagnetization, most were found to have an unstable component that was removed by fields of 150 oersteds; all samples from two cores were partially demagnetized in a field of 150 oersteds. The average inclination in these two cores was then in good agreement with the average inclination of the ambient field for the latitude of the core site. It was also found that the intensities of the samples decreased at the points of reversal; this finding is to be expected if, as has been postulated by the dynamo theory, the intensity of the dipole field decreases to zero and builds again with opposite polarity. We believe that the magnetization of the cores results from the presence of detrital magnetite, although other magnetic minerals also may be present.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Four faunal zones (φ, χ, ψ, and ω) have been recognized in these Antarctic cores on the basis of upward sequential disappearance of Radiolaria. The faunal boundaries and reversals consistently have the same relations to one another, indicating that they are both time-dependent phenomena.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Using previously determined times of reversal, one may date the following events in the cores:</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>1) Radiolarian faunal boundaries: φ-χ, 2 million years; χ-ψ, 0.7 million years; ψ-ω, 0.4 to 0.5 million years. These dates are in good agreement with ages previously extrapolated from radiometric dates.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>2) Initiation of Antarctic diatom-ooze deposition, approximately 2.0 million years ago.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>3) First occurrence of ice-rafted detritus, approximately 2.5 million years ago.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>One can also calculate rates of sedimentation, which vary in the cores studied from 1.1 to about 8.0 millimeters per 1000 years. Sedimentation rates for the Indian Ocean cores are higher than for the Bellingshausen Sea cores. The near coincidence of faunal changes and reversals in the cores suggests but does not prove a causal relation.</jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We conclude from this study that paleomagnetic stratigraphy is a unique method for correlating and dating deep-sea cores, and that future work with such cores may provide a complete or nearly complete record of the history of the earth's magnetic field beyond 4 million years.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1583668925432659456","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. D. Opdyke"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844309612930","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. Glass"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844309612931","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. D. Hays"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844309612928","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Foster"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1966-10-21","prism:volume":"154","prism:number":"3747","prism:startingPage":"349","prism:endingPage":"357"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.154.3747.349"}],"createdAt":"2006-10-05","modifiedAt":"2024-01-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050570232449668096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A full sequence of the Matuyama–Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in the Chiba composite section, Central Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118729300608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A record of the lower Mammoth geomagnetic polarity reversal from a marine succession in the Boso Peninsula, central Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567517292928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New Magnetostratigraphic Insights From Iceberg Alley on the Rhythms of Antarctic Climate During the Plio‐Pleistocene"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861397305224064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Difference in Relative Paleointensity Recording Efficiency of Magnetic Mineral Constituents in a Sediment Core Off Chile"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390020697869887360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Motonori Matuyama and reversals of geomagnetic field"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680718840832","@type":"Article","relationType":["isCitedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"「古環境化学」との関わり合い"},{"@value":"特別寄稿1 「古環境化学」との関わり合い"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"トクベツ キコウ 1 コ カンキョウ カガク ト ノ カカワリ アイ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681541003136","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Clay mineral composition in shallow water sediment samples near the Antarctic Peninsula and in deep-sea core samples from the Pacific and the Indian-Antarctic Basins."},{"@language":"ja","@value":"南極半島付近の浅海ドレッジ試料および太平洋-南極海盆, インド洋-南極海盆からの深海柱状土試料中の粘土鉱物組成"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1126/science.154.3747.349"},{"@type":"CIA","@value":"30020490308"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/bf02209351_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00354-y_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/gji/ggab352_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2183/pjab.100.031_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020pa003994_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2023jb026816_references_DOI_WH4h7gf9JOPKVo5fWMjspYFTqlb"}]}