{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844480502528.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The 1859 Solar–Terrestrial Disturbance And the Current Limits of Extreme Space Weather Activity"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"It is generally appreciated that the September 1859 solar–terrestrial disturbance, the first recognized space weather event, was exceptionally large. How large and how exceptional? To answer these questions, we compiled rank order lists of the various measures of solar-induced disturbance for events from 1859 to the present. The parameters considered included: magnetic crochet amplitude, solar energetic proton fluence (McCracken et al., 2001a), Sun–Earth disturbance transit time, geomagnetic storm intensity, and low-latitude auroral extent. While the 1859 event has close rivals or superiors in each of the above categories of space weather activity, it is the only documented event of the last ∼150 years that appears at or near the top of all of the lists. Taken together, the top-ranking events in each of the disturbance categories comprise a set of benchmarks for extreme space weather activity."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004231434647428","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. W. Cliver"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844480502528","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. Svalgaard"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00380938"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"1573093X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Solar Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-10","prism:volume":"224","prism:number":"1-2","prism:startingPage":"407","prism:endingPage":"422"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z.pdf"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z"}],"createdAt":"2005-04-20","modifiedAt":"2020-04-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001338210506752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Possible cause of extremely bright aurora witnessed in East Asia on 17 September 1770"},{"@value":"Possible cause of extremely bright aurora witnessed in East Asia in September 1770"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050289765030213504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Intensity and Evolution of the Extreme Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 1938 January"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845763139288960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Sporadic auroras near the geomagnetic equator: in the Philippines, on 27 October 1856"},{"@value":"Sporadic  Aurora  near  Geomagnetic  Equator: In  the Philippines,  on \n27 October 1856"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050849378475345280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Do the Chinese Astronomical Records Dated A.D. 776 January 12/13 Describe an Auroral Display or a Lunar Halo? A Critical Re-examination"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050852714969396096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1941 February/March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217650868864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"East Asian observations of low-latitude aurora during the Carrington magnetic storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217650899328","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Records of sunspots and aurora candidates in the Chinese official histories of the <i>Yuán</i> and <i>Míng</i> dynasties during 1261–1644"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217650936064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Records of auroral candidates and sunspots in <i>Rikkokushi</i>, chronicles of ancient Japan from early 7th century to 887"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231434647424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Revisiting Kunitomo’s Sunspot Drawings During 1835 – 1836 in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239675620992","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Great Space Weather Event during 1872 February Recorded in East Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239676151552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low-latitude Aurorae during the Extreme Space Weather Events in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708269601920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Intensity of the Magnetic Superstorm of September 1909"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285709639114240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme space weather event in September 1909"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617747017600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Size of the Flare Associated with the Solar Proton Event in 774 AD"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298345008304256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme solar events"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865537404928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Analyses of Equatorward Auroral Extensions during the Extreme Geomagnetic Storm on 15 July 1959"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865541545216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865717719680","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360568466173989120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Flare-productive active regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360568468330219264","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radiocarbon Production Events and their Potential Relationship with the Schwabe Cycle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576215815157248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal Variations of the Three Geomagnetic Field Components at Colaba Observatory around the Carrington Storm in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580229828235904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New Insights From the 2003 Halloween Storm Into the Colaba 1600 nT Magnetic Depression During the 1859 Carrington Storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360582948520100096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Solar events and solar wind conditions associated with intense geomagnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848656364720256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Iwahashi Zenbei’s Sunspot Drawings in 1793 in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658643887616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A great space weather event in February 1730"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360849943104060032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865816796001536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnitude Estimates for the Carrington Flare in 1859 September: As Seen from the Original Records"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361694369458717184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Occurrence of great magnetic storms on 6–8 March 1582"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362820494264381440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266985506176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical analysis of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) : long-term estimation of extreme TEC in Japan"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::b6d0b0acc3274eaff85fa2832be5d0ae"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2017sw001693_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/pasj/psw097_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/pasj/psx045_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/pasj/psx087_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11207-019-1429-3_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/aae47c_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abc427_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abb772_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-023-01843-2_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11207-019-1425-7_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018sw002079_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/sty3196_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abad93_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s41116-022-00033-8_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stad3556_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/acc6cc_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s41116-019-0019-7_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-019-53296-x_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-021-01374-8_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac2601_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022ja030596_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11207-017-1213-1_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1051/0004-6361/201832735_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/angeo-36-1153-2018_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002269_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/2041-8213/acd853_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ab5113_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stz1401_references_DOI_AFsbuyOlSzcl4fmZ9WinXpohfdk"}]}