{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844809223936.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.1139672"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1139672"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Subsurface Radar Sounding of the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n            The ice-rich south polar layered deposits of Mars were probed with the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express orbiter. The radar signals penetrate deep into the deposits (more than 3.7 kilometers). For most of the area, a reflection is detected at a time delay that is consistent with an interface between the deposits and the substrate. The reflected power from this interface indicates minimal attenuation of the signal, suggesting a composition of nearly pure water ice. Maps were generated of the topography of the basal interface and the thickness of the layered deposits. A set of buried depressions is seen within 300 kilometers of the pole. The thickness map shows an asymmetric distribution of the deposits and regions of anomalous thickness. The total volume is estimated to be 1.6 × 10\n            <jats:sup>6</jats:sup>\n            cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to a global water layer approximately 11 meters thick.\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223809","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jeffrey J. Plaut"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223816","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Giovanni Picardi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223946","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ali Safaeinili"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223808","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anton B. Ivanov"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223945","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sarah M. Milkovich"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223942","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrea Cicchetti"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223811","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wlodek Kofman"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223948","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jérémie Mouginot"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223944","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"William M. Farrell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223814","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roger J. Phillips"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223937","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stephen M. Clifford"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223947","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alessandro Frigeri"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223939","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roberto Orosei"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223938","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Costanzo Federico"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223950","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Iwan P. Williams"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223949","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Donald A. Gurnett"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223810","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Erling Nielsen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223943","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tor Hagfors"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223812","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Essam Heggy"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223815","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ellen R. Stofan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223936","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dirk Plettemeier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223813","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thomas R. Watters"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223941","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Carlton J. Leuschen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388844809223940","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Peter Edenhofer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA."},{"@value":"Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy."},{"@value":"Laboratoire de Planetologie de Grenoble, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France."},{"@value":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA."},{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2007-04-06","prism:volume":"316","prism:number":"5821","prism:startingPage":"92","prism:endingPage":"95"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1139672"}],"createdAt":"2007-03-16","modifiedAt":"2024-01-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017282189482112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Deuterium Isotopic Ratio of Water Released From the Martian Caps as Measured With TGO/NOMAD"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283690892968192","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evolution of water reservoirs on Mars: Constraints from hydrogen isotopes in martian meteorites"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865718988032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimation of the mass fraction and distribution of ice in a lunar regolith simulant from seismic velocity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181388464384","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) Onboard the KAGUYA (SELENE) Spacecraft"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657114473216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New insights into the Late Amazonian zonal shrinkage of the martian south polar plateau"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869855104615040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mars’ Water Cycle and Escape: A View from Mars Express and Beyond"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679531452416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Interactive evolution of multiple water-ice reservoirs on Mars: Insights from hydrogen isotope compositions"},{"@value":"Interactive evolution of multiple water-ice reservoirs on Mars: insight from hydrogen isotope compositions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317028462208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimation of bulk permittivity of the Moon’s surface using Lunar Radar Sounder on-board Selenological and Engineering Explorer"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1126/science.1139672"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022gl098161_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115725_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-010-9673-8_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2343/geochemj.2.0407_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01259-2_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-024-01099-6_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.047_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.027_references_DOI_TTfTSD4EqS9vkmNlc05dreDMYm8"}]}