{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388846224856960.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/acp-18-11345-2018"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/11345/2018/acp-18-11345-2018.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Size-resolved mixing state of black carbon in the Canadian high Arctic and implications for simulated direct radiative effect"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Transport of anthropogenic aerosol into the Arctic in the spring\nmonths has the potential to affect regional climate; however, modeling\nestimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) are sensitive to\nuncertainties in the mixing state of black carbon (BC). A common approach in\nprevious modeling studies is to assume an entirely external mixture (all\nprimarily scattering species are in separate particles from BC) or internal\nmixture (all primarily scattering species are mixed in the same particles as\nBC). To provide constraints on the size-resolved mixing state of BC, we use\nairborne single-particle soot photometer (SP2) and ultrahigh-sensitivity\naerosol spectrometer (UHSAS) measurements from the Alfred Wegener Institute\n(AWI) Polar 6 flights from the NETCARE/PAMARCMIP2015 campaign to estimate\ncoating thickness as a function of refractory BC (rBC) core diameter and\nthe fraction of particles containing rBC in the springtime Canadian high\nArctic. For rBC core diameters in the range of 140 to 220 nm, we find\naverage coating thicknesses of approximately 45 to 40 nm, respectively,\nresulting in ratios of total particle diameter to rBC core diameters ranging\nfrom 1.6 to 1.4. For total particle diameters ranging from 175 to 730 nm,\nrBC-containing particle number fractions range from 16 % to 3 %,\nrespectively. We combine the observed mixing-state constraints with simulated\nsize-resolved aerosol mass and number distributions from GEOS-Chem–TOMAS to\nestimate the DRE with observed bounds on mixing state as opposed to assuming\nan entirely external or internal mixture. We find that the pan-Arctic average\nspringtime DRE ranges from −1.65 to −1.34 W m−2 when assuming\nentirely externally or internally mixed BC. This range in DRE is reduced by\nover a factor of 2 (−1.59 to −1.45 W m−2) when using the\nobserved mixing-state constraints. The difference in DRE between the two\nobserved mixing-state constraints is due to an underestimation of BC mass\nfraction in the springtime Arctic in GEOS-Chem–TOMAS compared to Polar 6\nobservations. Measurements of mixing state provide important constraints for\nmodel estimates of DRE.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856962","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John K. Kodros"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856964","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sarah J. Hanna"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856965","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Allan K. Bertram"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856966","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. Richard Leaitch"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856969","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hannes Schulz"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856960","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andreas B. Herber"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856967","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marco Zanatta"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856970","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Julia Burkart"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856961","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Megan D. Willis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856963","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jonathan P. D. Abbatt"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383388846224856968","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jeffrey R. Pierce"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"16807324"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-08-14","prism:volume":"18","prism:number":"15","prism:startingPage":"11345","prism:endingPage":"11361"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/11345/2018/acp-18-11345-2018.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-08-14","modifiedAt":"2025-02-01","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142706539648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Compositions and mixing states of aerosol particles by aircraft observations in the Arctic springtime, 2018"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168753604224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Arctic black carbon during PAMARCMiP 2018 and previous aircraft experiments in spring"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021391861998720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mass absorption cross section of black carbon for Aethalometer in the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118705964544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seasonal Variation of Wet Deposition of Black Carbon at Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361413119891827584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The importance of the representation of air pollution emissions for the modeled distribution and radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417136237056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate-relevant properties of black carbon aerosols revealed by in situ measurements : a review"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-18-11345-2018"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-3607-2021_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-21-15861-2021_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/02786826.2024.2316173_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020jd034110_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-023-00544-4_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-19-11159-2019_references_DOI_5KUO55Q48bitAQhM5XsyHcveLCl"}]}