{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318238596608.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Research Review: Structural language in autistic spectrum disorder – characteristics and causes"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background: </jats:bold>\n                    Structural language anomalies or impairments in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are theoretically and practically important, although underrecognised as such. This review aims to highlight the ubiquitousness of structural language anomalies and impairments in ASD, and to stimulate investigation of their immediate causes and implications for intervention.\n                  </jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method: </jats:bold>\n                    Studies of structural language in ASD are reviewed (based on a search of the literature and selected as meeting defined inclusion criteria), and explanatory hypotheses are discussed.\n                  </jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results: </jats:bold>\n                    Some individuals with ASD never acquire language. Amongst those who do, language abilities range from clinically normal (ALN) to various degrees of impairment (ALI). Developmental trajectories and individual profiles are diverse, and minority subgroups have been identified. Specifically: language is commonly but not always delayed and delayed early language is always characterised by impaired comprehension and odd utterances, and sometimes by deviant articulation and grammar. Nevertheless, by school age an ‘ASD‐typical’ language profile emerges from group studies, with articulation and syntax least affected, and comprehension, semantics and certain facets of morphology most affected. Thus, even individuals with ALN have poor comprehension relative to expressive language; also semantic‐processing anomalies and idiosyncratic word usage. It is argued that impaired socio‐emotional‐communicative relating, atypical sensory‐perceptual processing, and uneven memory/learning abilities may underlie shared language anomalies across the spectrum; and that varying combinations of low nonverbal intelligence, semantic memory impairment and comorbidities including specific language impairment (SLI), hearing impairment, and certain medical syndromes underlie ALI and variation in individual profiles.\n                  </jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions: </jats:bold>\n                    Structural language is universally affected in ASD, due to a complex of shared and unshared causal factors. There is an urgent need for more research especially into the characteristics and causes of clinically significant language impairments.\n                  </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318238596608","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jill Boucher"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00219630"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14697610"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-12-21","prism:volume":"53","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"219","prism:endingPage":"233"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"},{"@id":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"}],"createdAt":"2011-12-21","modifiedAt":"2025-11-03","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760727165952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Fiber tract associated with autistic traits in healthy adults."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760922429824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Quantitative Aspects of Communicative Impairment Ascertained in a Large National Survey of Japanese Children"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217241732352","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Characteristics of communication among Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder: A cluster analysis using the Children’s Communication Checklist-2"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286991598670080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Developmental delays assessed using the Enjoji Scale in children with cochlear implants who have intellectual disability with or without autism spectrum disorder"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643747199616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Perception of native and non-native phonemic contrasts in children with autistic spectrum disorder: effects of speaker variability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580232406881408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Atypical structural connectivity of language networks in autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02508.x"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/02699206.2016.1238509_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.001_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/02699206.2021.1947385_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/aur.2789_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10803-017-3226-x_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.anl.2018.12.003_references_DOI_IliR8BR7m2mmkCokSOMJQ4NwcAY"}]}