{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318352467200.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1007/s004200050147"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s004200050147.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004200050147/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s004200050147"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"9138002"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"To assess and compare the background exposure of the general population to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in China and in Japan.Food duplicates and peripheral blood samples were collected from nonoccupationally exposed subjects, viz 202 Chinese women in four Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanning, and Tainan) and 72 Japanese women in three Japanese cities (Tokyo, Kyoto, and Sendai) in the years 1993-1995. Wet-ashing and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods were used for the determination of Pb and Cd levels in food and blood samples.Geometric mean (GM) dietary Pb intake (25.8 micrograms/day) and the GM Pb concentration in blood (56.7 micrograms/l) in Chinese were significantly higher than in Japanese women (11.6 micrograms/day in food and 32.1 micrograms/l in blood), whereas Cd in food (32.1 micrograms/day) and Cd in blood (1.92 micrograms/l) in Japanese were significantly higher than in Chinese women (9.9 micrograms/day in food and 1.07 micrograms/l in blood). The intake of Pb and Cd via boiled rice accounted for 3.6% and 31.1% of the total dietary burden in Chinese, and 12.1% and 32.7% in Japanese, respectively. The Cd burden was acquired almost exclusively through the dietary route, whereas the Pb burden came from both air and food, especially in the case of the Chinese population.The background Pb exposure in the Chinese population was higher than that in the Japanese population, whereas Cd exposure was lower in Chinese women than in their Japanese counterparts."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467201","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y.-Q. Wu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467203","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Zuo-Wen Zhang"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467204","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chan-Seok Moon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467207","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shinichro Shimbo"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467200","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takao Watanabe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467329","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Feng-Sheng He"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467202","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shun-Fu Zhou"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467205","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jiang-Bin Qu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467206","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Ikeda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318352467328","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"De-Ming Su"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03400131"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14321246"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1997-03-26","prism:volume":"69","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"273","prism:endingPage":"281"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s004200050147.pdf"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004200050147/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s004200050147"}],"createdAt":"2002-08-25","modifiedAt":"2019-05-28","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Air%20Pollutants","dc:title":"Air Pollutants"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cadmium%20Poisoning","dc:title":"Cadmium Poisoning"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=China","dc:title":"China"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Urban%20Population","dc:title":"Urban Population"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Oryza","dc:title":"Oryza"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20Exposure","dc:title":"Environmental Exposure"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Lead%20Poisoning","dc:title":"Lead Poisoning"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Eating","dc:title":"Eating"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Japan","dc:title":"Japan"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Lead","dc:title":"Lead"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Food","dc:title":"Food"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Body%20Burden","dc:title":"Body Burden"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Female","dc:title":"Female"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cadmium","dc:title":"Cadmium"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360284918626694912","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relationship between environmental exposure to cadmium and bone metabolism in a non-polluted area of Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679429247360","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Lead and Cadmium Levels in the Atmosphere in Mainland China: A review."},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Lead and Cadmium Levels in the Atmosphe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679430841472","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A Review on the Cadmium Content of Rice, Daily Cadmium Intake, and Accumulation in the Kidneys."},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Review on the Cadmium Content of Rice D"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679431082368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Uptake of Cadmium in Meals from the Digestive Tract of Young Non-smoking Japanese Female Volunteers."},{"@value":"Uptake of Cadmium in Meals from the Digestive Tract of Young Non‐smoking Japanese Female Volunteers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679433363840","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Short-term Changes in Cadmium in Feces, Blood and Urine after Dietary Cadmium Intake in Young Japanese Females."},{"@value":"Short‐term Changes in Cadmium in Feces, Blood and Urine after Dietary Cadmium Intake in Young Japanese Females"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266996506368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Exposure to environmental chemicals and cancer risk : epidemiological evidence from Japanese studies"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s004200050147"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::6cb00417fb48e1ddfd0058bf00444bb2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1539/joh.40.264_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1539/joh.45.43_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1539/joh.40.257_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s12199-010-0204-8_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s41021-023-00268-3_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1539/joh.44.429_references_DOI_X0LclZw2Zo8vaWZkEKG9FwhSIKd"}]}