{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318425448192.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2007jb005551"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007JB005551"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007JB005551"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"High‐velocity frictional properties of a clay‐bearing fault gouge and implications for earthquake mechanics"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Frictional properties of natural kaolinite‐bearing gouge samples from the Median Tectonic Line (SW Japan) have been studied using a high‐velocity rotary shear apparatus, and deformed samples have been observed with optical and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy. For a slip velocity of 1 m s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and normal stresses from 0.3 to 1.3 MPa, a dramatic slip‐weakening behavior was observed. X‐ray diffraction analysis of deformed samples and additional high‐velocity friction experiments on pure kaolinite indicate kaolinite dehydration during slip. The critical slip‐weakening distance <jats:italic>D</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub> is of the order of 1 to 10 m. These values are extrapolated to higher normal stresses, assuming that <jats:italic>D</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub> is rather a thermal parameter than a parameter related to a true characteristic length. The calculation shows that dimensionally, <jats:italic>D</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub> ∝ 1/<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sub><jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, where <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sub> is the normal stress applied on the fault. The inferred <jats:italic>D</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub> values range from a few centimeters at 10 MPa normal stress to a few hundreds of microns at 100 MPa normal stress. Microscopic observations show partial amorphization and dramatic grain size reduction (down to the nanometer scale) localized in a narrow zone of about 1 to 10 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>m thickness. Fracture energy <jats:italic>G</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub> is calculated from the mechanical curves and compared to surface energy due to grain size reduction, and energies of mineralogic transformations. We show that most of the fracture energy is either converted into heat or radiated energy. The geophysical consequences of thermal dehydration of bonded water during seismic slip are then commented in the light of mineralogical and poromechanical data of several fault zones, which tend to show that this phenomenon has to be taken into account in most of subsurface faults and in hydrous rocks of subducted oceanic crust.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004055520904711","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Brantut"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Géologie CNRS UMR 8538, École Normale Supérieure  Paris France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318425448194","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Schubnel"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Géologie CNRS UMR 8538, École Normale Supérieure  Paris France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016866242778624","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J.‐N. Rouzaud"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Géologie CNRS UMR 8538, École Normale Supérieure  Paris France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318425448196","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"F. Brunet"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratoire de Géologie CNRS UMR 8538, École Normale Supérieure  Paris France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318425448193","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Shimamoto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University  Higashi‐Hiroshima Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-10","prism:volume":"113","prism:number":"B10","prism:startingPage":"B10401"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2007JB005551"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2007JB005551"}],"createdAt":"2008-10-02","modifiedAt":"2023-10-13","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001335764454144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Coseismic dehydration of serpentinite: Evidence from high-velocity friction experiments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050303932802533248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Mechanical Amorphization of Synthetic Fault Gouges During Rotary-Shear Friction Experiments at Subseismic to Seismic Slip Velocities"},{"@value":"Mechanical Amorphization of Synthetic Fault Gouges During Rotary‐Shear Friction Experiments at Subseismic to Seismic Slip Velocities"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564287412501504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Dynamic weakening of smectite-bearing faults at intermediate velocities : implications for subduction zone earthquakes"},{"@value":"Dynamic weakening of smectite‐bearing faults at intermediate velocities: Implications for subduction zone earthquakes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585407782192896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Frictional strength of ground dolerite gouge at a wide range of slip rates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216044671104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Energy partition for grain crushing in quartz gouge during subseismic to seismic fault motion: An experimental study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216708835840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stuck in the mud? 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