{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318952018560.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2008gl034864"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2008GL034864"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2008GL034864"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"How natural and anthropogenic influences alter global and regional surface temperatures: 1889 to 2006"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>To distinguish between simultaneous natural and anthropogenic impacts on surface temperature, regionally as well as globally, we perform a robust multivariate analysis using the best available estimates of each together with the observed surface temperature record from 1889 to 2006. The results enable us to compare, for the first time from observations, the geographical distributions of responses to individual influences consistent with their global impacts. We find a response to solar forcing quite different from that reported in several papers published recently in this journal, and zonally averaged responses to both natural and anthropogenic forcings that differ distinctly from those indicated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, whose conclusions depended on model simulations. Anthropogenic warming estimated directly from the historical observations is more pronounced between 45°S and 50°N than at higher latitudes whereas the model‐simulated trends have minimum values in the tropics and increase steadily from 30 to 70°N.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318952018561","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Judith L. Lean"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory  Washington D. C. USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670318952018560","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David H. Rind"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Goddard Institute for Space Studies NASA  New York New York USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2008-09","prism:volume":"35","prism:number":"18","prism:startingPage":"L18701"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2008GL034864"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2008GL034864"}],"createdAt":"2008-09-15","modifiedAt":"2023-10-31","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233466652544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Increasing occurrence of cold and warm extremes during the recent global warming slowdown"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240193001344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Causes of Greenland temperature variability over the past 4000 yr: implications for northern hemispheric temperature change"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286991864243840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multidecadal modulations of key metrics of global climate change"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567190136224896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on\nthe Earth's surface?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848654731214336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A lagged response to the 11 year solar cycle in observed winter Atlantic/European weather patterns"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657103640960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Towards understanding the global and regional climatic impacts of Modoki magnitude"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848665122966784","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the origin of multidecadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794848695296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"preprint","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the origin of multi-decadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206503667840","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Observed Trends in Surface Air Temperatures and Their Extremes in Thailand from 1970 to 2009"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842094980992","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional climate pattern during two millennia estimated from annual tree rings of Yaku cedar trees : a hint for solar variability？"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2008gl034864"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-018-04040-y_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2151/jmsj.2012-505_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cpd-8-4817-2012_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cpd-8-5455-2012_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103149_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-015-0198-y_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2013jd020062_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cp-9-583-2013_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.10.004_references_DOI_SM4gsBfCn7Pvvv4Dcze0EMUXt57"}]}