{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319177902080.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.1109004"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1109004"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Rapid Acidification of the Ocean During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>\n            The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) has been attributed to the rapid release of ∼2000 × 10\n            <jats:sup>9</jats:sup>\n            metric tons of carbon in the form of methane. In theory, oxidation and ocean absorption of this carbon should have lowered deep-sea pH, thereby triggering a rapid (<10,000-year) shoaling of the calcite compensation depth (CCD), followed by gradual recovery. Here we present geochemical data from five new South Atlantic deep-sea sections that constrain the timing and extent of massive sea-floor carbonate dissolution coincident with the PETM. The sections, from between 2.7 and 4.8 kilometers water depth, are marked by a prominent clay layer, the character of which indicates that the CCD shoaled rapidly (<10,000 years) by more than 2 kilometers and recovered gradually (>100,000 years). These findings indicate that a large mass of carbon (»2000 × 10\n            <jats:sup>9</jats:sup>\n            metric tons of carbon) dissolved in the ocean at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and that permanent sequestration of this carbon occurred through silicate weathering feedback.\n          </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902082","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"James C. Zachos"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902088","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ursula Röhl"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902089","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stephen A. Schellenberg"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902086","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Appy Sluijs"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902081","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David A. Hodell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902091","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daniel C. Kelly"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902087","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ellen Thomas"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902090","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Micah Nicolo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902084","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Isabella Raffi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902080","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lucas J. Lourens"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902083","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heather McCarren"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319177902085","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dick Kroon"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth Sciences Department, Earth and Marine Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA."},{"@value":"Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) Research Center for Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany."},{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego CA 92182–1020, USA."},{"@value":"Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Palaeo-ecology; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."},{"@value":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2005-06-10","prism:volume":"308","prism:number":"5728","prism:startingPage":"1611","prism:endingPage":"1615"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1109004"}],"createdAt":"2005-06-09","modifiedAt":"2024-01-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002219477012864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Bacteriohopanepolyol Inventory of Novel Aerobic Methane Oxidising Bacteria Reveals New Biomarker Signatures of Aerobic Methanotrophy in Marine Systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004230880235648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Frontiers of Coral-Based Sclerochronological Studies in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233284619648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Depth dependency of the Paleocene‐Eocene carbon isotope excursion: Paired benthic and terrestrial biomarker records (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 208, Walvis Ridge)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017280665785856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Abrupt episode of mid-Cretaceous ocean acidification triggered by massive volcanism"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360022307169751808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The origin and diversification of pteropods predate past perturbations in the Earth’s carbon cycle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025429439345024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Migrating is not enough for modern planktonic foraminifera in a changing ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285705068637568","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cenozoic climate change and diversification on the continental shelf and slope: evolution of gastropod diversity in the family Solariellidae (Trochoidea)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285710504650624","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Linkage of deep sea rapid acidification process and extinction of benthic foraminifera in the deep sea at the <scp>P</scp>aleocene/<scp>E</scp>ocene transition"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306905153616640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multi‐Elemental Statistical Features of Early Paleogene Sediments From the Mid‐Latitude Eastern Indian Ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182296120064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Variability of deep carbon sources in Mexican geothermal fluids"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657103569024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of a massive release of methane and hydrogen sulfide on oxygen and ozone during the late Permian mass extinction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658410899456","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Earth system feedback statistically extracted from the Indian Ocean deep-sea sediments recording Eocene hyperthermals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206238051584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Re-examination of the cause of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, based on global carbon-cycle modeling"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"地球表層炭素循環モデリングに基づく暁新世／始新世境界温暖化極大の発生原因の再検討"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"チキュウ ヒョウソウ タンソ ジュンカン モデリング ニ モトズク ギョウシンセイ シシンセイ キョウカイ オンダンカ キョクダイ ノ ハッセイ ゲンイン ノ サイケントウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390002184893412352","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effect of ocean acidification on marine phytoplankton and biogeochemical cycles"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"海洋酸性化が植物プランクトンの動態および物質循環に及ぼす影響"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"カイヨウ サンセイカ ガ ショクブツ プランクトン ノ ドウタイ オヨビ ブッシツ ジュンカン ニ オヨボス エイキョウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681215185792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Quantitative examination of the cause of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum using an atmosphere-ocean box model"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"大気―海洋ボックスモデルによる暁新世／始新世境界温暖化極大の発生原因の定量的検討"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"タイキ カイヨウ ボックス モデル ニ ヨル ギョウ シン セイ シシンセイ キョウカイ オンダンカ キョクダイ ノ ハッセイ ゲンイン ノ テイリョウテキ ケントウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390858374980954112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"暁新世－始新世温暖化極大の海洋酸性化"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Review: Ocean acidification during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050025942136465280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification : behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world “hot 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