{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319191760640.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/2010jamc2608.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/50/5/2010jamc2608.1.xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jamc/article-pdf/50/5/1037/3559800/2010jamc2608_1.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/apme/50/5/2010jamc2608.1.xml"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Improvements in Shortwave Bulk Scattering and Absorption Models for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study summarizes recent improvements in the development of bulk scattering/absorption models at solar wavelengths. The approach combines microphysical measurements from various field campaigns with single-scattering properties for nine habits including droxtals, plates, solid/hollow columns, solid/hollow bullet rosettes, and several types of aggregates. Microphysical measurements are incorporated from a number of recent field campaigns in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. A set of 12 815 particle size distributions is used for which <jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>cld</jats:sub> ≤ −40°C. The ice water content in the microphysical data spans six orders of magnitude. For evaluation, a library of ice-particle single-scattering properties is employed for 101 wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.24 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>m. The library includes the full phase matrix as well as properties for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. Habit mixtures are developed for generalized cirrus, midlatitude cirrus, and deep tropical convection. The single-scattering properties are integrated over particle size and wavelength using an assumed habit mixture to develop bulk scattering and absorption properties. In comparison with global Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data, models built with severely roughened particles compare best for all habit mixtures. The assumption of smooth particles provided the largest departure from CALIOP measurements. The use of roughened rather than smooth particles to infer optical thickness and effective diameter from satellite imagery such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will result in a decrease in optical thickness and an increase in particle size.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760646","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bryan A. Baum"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"* Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760643","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ping Yang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"+ Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760642","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew J. Heymsfield"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"# National Center for Atmospheric Research,** Boulder, Colorado"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760647","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Carl G. Schmitt"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"# National Center for Atmospheric Research,** Boulder, Colorado"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760644","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yu Xie"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"+ Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760641","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Aaron Bansemer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"# National Center for Atmospheric Research,** Boulder, Colorado"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760640","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yong-Xiang Hu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"@ NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319191760645","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Zhibo Zhang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"& Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15588424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15588432"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-05","prism:volume":"50","prism:number":"5","prism:startingPage":"1037","prism:endingPage":"1056"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/50/5/2010jamc2608.1.xml"},{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jamc/article-pdf/50/5/1037/3559800/2010jamc2608_1.pdf"},{"@id":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/apme/50/5/2010jamc2608.1.xml"}],"createdAt":"2010-12-14","modifiedAt":"2020-12-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232321215360","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Assessment of the accuracy of the conventional ray-tracing technique: Implications in remote sensing and radiative transfer involving ice clouds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240182814976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The spectral signature of cloud spatial structure in shortwave irradiance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691018773248","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Irregularly shaped ice aggregates in optical modeling of convectively generated ice clouds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707462728320","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New neural network cloud mask algorithm based on radiative transfer simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286993150557952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168765208320","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radiative and Microphysical Properties of Cirrus Cloud Inferred from Infrared Measurements Made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Part I: Retrieval Method"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848654736843392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluating Arctic cloud radiative effects simulated by NICAM with A‐train"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051714791866146048","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Retrieval of radiative and microphysical properties of clouds from multispectral infrared measurements"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/2010jamc2608.1"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jamc-d-13-0215.1_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/acp-16-13791-2016_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.01.017_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019ms001689_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.03.017_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2016jd024775_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-016-0108-3_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.029_references_DOI_GAmu1TrcLbJ9DFc9G0LzyJFDTbe"}]}