{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319639035776.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2013ja019437"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2013JA019437"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013JA019437"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Morphology of sporadic <i>E</i> layer retrieved from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements: Wind shear theory examination"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)‐measured fluctuations in the signal‐to‐noise ratio and excess phase of the GPS signal piercing through ionospheric sporadic <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s) layers, the general morphologies of these layers are presented for the period from July 2006 to May 2011. It is found that the latitudinal variation in the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s layer occurrence is substantially geomagnetically controlled, most frequent in the summer hemisphere within the geomagnetic latitude region between 10° and 70° and very rare in the geomagnetic equatorial zone. Model simulations show that the summer maximum (winter minimum) in the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s layer occurrence is very likely attributed to the convergence of the Fe<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> concentration flux driven by the neutral wind. In addition to seasonal and spatial distributions, the height‐time variations in the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s layer occurrence in the midlatitude (>30°) region in summer and spring are primarily dominated by the semidiurnal tides, which start to appear at local time around 6 and 18 h in the height range 110–120 km and gradually descend at a rate of about 0.9–1.6 km/h. In the low‐latitude (<30°) region, the diurnal tide dominates. The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07) indicates that the height‐time distribution of <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s layers at middle latitude (30°–60°) is highly coincident with the zonal neutral wind shear. However, <jats:italic>E</jats:italic>s layer occurrences in low‐latitude and equatorial regions do not correlate well with the zonal wind shear.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004057903080074","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. H. Chu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Chung‐Li Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035904","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Y. Wang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics Chinese Culture University  Taipei Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035777","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. H. Wu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Chung‐Li Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035905","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. T. Chen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Chung‐Li Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035907","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. J. Tzeng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Chung‐Li Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035906","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. L. Su"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Space Science National Central University  Chung‐Li Taiwan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035909","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. Feng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"@value":"NCAS, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670319639035908","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. M. C. Plane"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Chemistry University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699380"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699402"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-03","prism:volume":"119","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"2117","prism:endingPage":"2136"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2013JA019437"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2013JA019437"}],"createdAt":"2014-02-25","modifiedAt":"2023-09-03","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229806302976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global distribution of neutral wind shear associated with sporadic <i>E</i> layers derived from GAIA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279830109952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global Structure and Seasonal Variations of the Tidal Amplitude in Sporadic‐E Layer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643820385280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580230583889408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Possible Role of Turbopause on Sporadic‐E Layer Formation at Middle and Low Latitudes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593667711232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical study on sporadic sodium layers (SSLs) based on diurnal sodium lidar observations at Beijing, China (40.5 °N, 116 °E)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593676906112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Characteristics of Summer Descending Sporadic E Layer Observed With the Ionosondes in the China Region"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865814729810816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low Altitude Tailing Es (LATTE): Analysis of Sporadic‐E Layer Height at Different Latitudes of Middle and Low Region"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050025942148526848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Numerical prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence using GAIA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050870367085215744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comparison of the tidal signatures in sporadic E and vertical ion convergence rate, using FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation observations and GAIA model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842031800576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014 : 1. 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