{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320004607616.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1073/pnas.0407192101"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0407192101"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Antigen-independent memory CD8 T cells do not develop during chronic viral infection"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Memory T cells can persist for extended periods in the absence of antigen, and long-term T cell immunity is often seen after acute infections. Paradoxically, there have been observations suggesting that T cell memory may be antigen-dependent during chronic infections. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms we have compared memory CD8 T cell differentiation during an acute versus chronic infection by using the mouse model of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. We found that during a chronic infection virus-specific CD8 T cells failed to acquire the cardinal memory T cell property of long-term antigen-independent persistence. These chronically stimulated CD8 T cells were unable to undergo homeostatic proliferation, responded poorly to IL-7 and IL-15, and expressed reduced levels of the IL-7 and IL-15 receptors, thus providing a possible mechanism for the inability of these cells to persist long term in the absence of antigen. In striking contrast, virus-specific memory CD8 T cells that developed after an acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection could persist without antigen, were capable of self-renewal because of homeostatic proliferation, responded efficiently to IL-7 and IL-15, and expressed high levels of receptors for these two cytokines. Thus, memory CD8 T cells generated after acute infections are likely to have a competitive advantage over CD8 T cells that develop during chronic infections. These findings raise concerns about using vaccines that may persist and also suggest that there may be limitations and challenges in designing effective immunological interventions for the treatment of chronic infections and tumors.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294674348485890","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. John Wherry"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294674348485892","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daniel L. Barber"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294674348485891","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Susan M. Kaech"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294674348485888","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joseph N. Blattman"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294674348485889","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rafi Ahmed"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Room G211, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00278424"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10916490"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2004-10-25","prism:volume":"101","prism:number":"45","prism:startingPage":"16004","prism:endingPage":"16009"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0407192101"}],"createdAt":"2004-10-25","modifiedAt":"2022-04-12","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050565162289456000","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"IL-7 promotes long-term in vitro survival of unique long-lived memory subset generated from mucosal effector memory CD4(+) T cells in chronic colitis mice"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390578824576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stat5 opposes the transcription factor Tox and rewires exhausted CD8+ T cells toward durable effector-like states during chronic antigen exposure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283693954342272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Functional impairment of Tax-specific but not cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in a minor population of asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-carriers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567182455942016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reprogramming away from the exhausted T cell state"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640751024768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Identification of Stem Cell Transcriptional Programs Normally Expressed in Embryonic and Neural Stem Cells in Alloreactive CD8+ T Cells Mediating Graft-versus-Host Disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846643462874496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells are a major source of interleukin-7 and sustain colitis by forming the niche for colitogenic CD4 memory T cells"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567390581760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Inhibitory signaling sustains a distinct early memory CD8\n            <sup>+</sup>\n            T cell precursor that is resistant to DNA damage"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282679629552128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"多能性幹細胞のT細胞研究への応用"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Pluripotent stem cells as a source for T cell research and clinical application"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.0407192101"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2177/jsci.38.101_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.007_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.005_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/1742-4690-8-100_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302029_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1126/sciimmunol.abe3702_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.01.012_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.imlet.2013.09.001_references_DOI_SGLvL3fq1Rud4o2p5mTwLaI3gUb"}]}