{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320363431040.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3390/v11020185"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/185/pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Co-Infection of Swine with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Other Swine Viruses"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the etiological agent that causes porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVD/PCVAD), which are present in every major swine-producing country in the world. PCV2 infections may downregulate the host immune system and enhance the infection and replication of other pathogens. However, the exact mechanisms of PCVD/PCVAD are currently unknown. To date, many studies have reported that several cofactors, such as other swine viruses or bacteria, vaccination failure, and stress or crowding, in combination with PCV2, lead to PCVD/PCVAD. Among these cofactors, co-infection of PCV2 with other viruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, swine influenza virus and classical swine fever virus have been widely studied for decades. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge regarding swine co-infection with different PCV2 genotypes or strains, as well as with PCV2 and other swine viruses.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320363431042","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ting Ouyang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320363431041","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Xinwei Zhang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320363431043","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Xiaohua Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320363431040","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Linzhu Ren"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi’an Road, Changchun 130062, China"},{"@value":"College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19994915"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Viruses"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"MDPI AG"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-02-21","prism:volume":"11","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"185"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/2/185/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2019-02-22","modifiedAt":"2025-10-11","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362257544154416384","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic and Biological Diversity of Porcine Sapeloviruses Prevailing in Zambia"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/v11020185"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/v12020180_references_DOI_65K7EHIoWabGniyARnfNz1UQIFi"}]}