{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320413747200.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1126/science.1132027"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1132027"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Increasing Trend of Extreme Rain Events Over India in a Warming Environment"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Against a backdrop of rising global surface temperature, the stability of the Indian monsoon rainfall over the past century has been a puzzle. By using a daily rainfall data set, we show (i) significant rising trends in the frequency and the magnitude of extreme rain events and (ii) a significant decreasing trend in the frequency of moderate events over central India during the monsoon seasons from 1951 to 2000. The seasonal mean rainfall does not show a significant trend, because the contribution from increasing heavy events is offset by decreasing moderate events. A substantial increase in hazards related to heavy rain is expected over central India in the future.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567186807812883","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. N. Goswami"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India."},{"@value":"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320413747203","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. Venugopal"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India."},{"@value":"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320413747201","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. Sengupta"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India."},{"@value":"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320413747200","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. S. Madhusoodanan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India."},{"@value":"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320413747202","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Prince K. Xavier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Doctor Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India."},{"@value":"Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00368075"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"10959203"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2006-12","prism:volume":"314","prism:number":"5804","prism:startingPage":"1442","prism:endingPage":"1445"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.1132027"}],"createdAt":"2006-11-30","modifiedAt":"2024-01-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050866882754465792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Assessment of climate change impacts on river flooding due to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 using nonglobal warming experiments"},{"@value":"Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on River Flooding due to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 Using Non‐Global Warming Experiments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002214350385280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Downstream and seasonal changes of lithium isotope ratios in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra river system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005516702708864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of humic-like substances as atmospheric surfactants in the formation of summer-heavy rainfall in downtown Tokyo"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283689326896768","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Aerosol and monsoon climate interactions over Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298754817978368","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long‐term changes in spatially coherent extreme precipitation systems over Central India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580230628385664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The impact of climate change on banking systemic risk"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567540420608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Characteristics of trace metal concentration and stable isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen in “urban-induced heavy rainfall” in downtown Tokyo, Japan; The implication of mineral/dust particles on the formation of summer heavy rainfall"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205223882240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Trends in Precipitation Characteristics in Bangladesh from 1950 to 2008"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205289724416","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A 59-year (1948-2006) global near-surface meteorological data set for land surface models. 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