{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320488638336.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2016ja023159"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023159"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023159"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2016JA023159"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023159"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Nonlinear ionospheric responses to large‐amplitude infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by undersea earthquakes"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Numerical models of ionospheric coupling with the neutral atmosphere are used to investigate perturbations of plasma density, vertically integrated total electron content (TEC), neutral velocity, and neutral temperature associated with large‐amplitude acoustic waves generated by the initial ocean surface displacements from strong undersea earthquakes. A simplified source model for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is constructed from estimates of initial ocean surface responses to approximate the vertical motions over realistic spatial and temporal scales. Resulting TEC perturbations from modeling case studies appear consistent with observational data, reproducing pronounced TEC depletions which are shown to be a consequence of the impacts of nonlinear, dissipating acoustic waves. Thermospheric acoustic compressional velocities are ∼±250–300 m/s, superposed with downward flows of similar amplitudes, and temperature perturbations are ∼300 K, while the dominant wave periodicity in the thermosphere is ∼3–4 min. Results capture acoustic wave processes including reflection, onset of resonance, and nonlinear steepening and dissipation—ultimately leading to the formation of ionospheric TEC depletions “holes”—that are consistent with reported observations. Three additional simulations illustrate the dependence of atmospheric acoustic wave and subsequent ionospheric responses on the surface displacement amplitude, which is varied from the Tohoku case study by factors of 1/100, 1/10, and 2. Collectively, results suggest that TEC depletions may only accompany very‐large amplitude thermospheric acoustic waves necessary to induce a nonlinear response, here with saturated compressional velocities ∼200–250 m/s generated by sea surface displacements exceeding ∼1 m occurring over a 3 min time period.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236852735238","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. D. Zettergren"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physical Sciences and Center for Space and Atmospheric Research Embry‐Riddle Aeronautical University  Daytona Beach Florida USA"},{"@value":"Center for Space Physics Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320488638339","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. B. Snively"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physical Sciences and Center for Space and Atmospheric Research Embry‐Riddle Aeronautical University  Daytona Beach Florida USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320488638338","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Komjathy"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1383670320488638337","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"O. P. Verkhoglyadova"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena California USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699380"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699402"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-02","prism:volume":"122","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"2272","prism:endingPage":"2291"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023159"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023159"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2016JA023159"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023159"}],"createdAt":"2017-01-14","modifiedAt":"2023-09-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050564285805342208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Magnetic ripples observed by Swarm satellites and their enhancement during typhoon activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580230601404416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Poleward Expanding Super Plasma Bubbles Over Asia‐Pacific Region Triggered by Tonga Volcano Eruption During the Recovery‐Phase of Geomagnetic Storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340703994880","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simulation study of atmosphere–ionosphere variations driven by the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai on 15 January 2022"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/2016ja023159"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-017-0679-2_references_DOI_PUNwnFvhJpFaB8NriEqWUOMBchD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022gl099798_references_DOI_PUNwnFvhJpFaB8NriEqWUOMBchD"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-024-01960-6_references_DOI_PUNwnFvhJpFaB8NriEqWUOMBchD"}]}